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°ÅÀÇ ¸ðµç ¹®ÀÚ¿Àº ¸Ç µÚ¿¡ Ç¥½ÃµÇµµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù. ¸Þ´º¸¦ ÷ºÎÇÒ ¶§ ÀοëºÎÈ£¸¦ »ðÀÔÇÏ·Á¸é °ãµû¿ÈÇ¥¸¦ ÀÌÁßÀ¸·Î ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
Add menu command... Objects New "Create a ""computer""
ÆÄÀÏÀ» ºÒ·¯¿À°Å³ª Çϵåµð½ºÅ©¿¡ ÀúÀåÇÒ ¶§, °æ·Î¸¦ ¹Ýµå½Ã Ç¥½ÃÇØÁà¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. º¸ÅëÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¸ðµç °æ·Î¸¦ ´Ù ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù.
Read from file... C:\Praat\a
¸¸¾à ÆÄÀÏÀÌ ¸Ç À§ÀÇ ¹ÙÅÁȸ鿡 ³ªÅ¸³ª¸é ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ Ç¥½ÃµÈ´Ù.
Read from file... C:\Documents and Settings\bgyang\¹ÙÅÁ ȸé\a
ÀÌ·± ¿ÏÀüÇÑ °æ·Î¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»Áö ¾Ê°í ÇÁ¶óÆ® ½ÇÇàÆÄÀϰú °°Àº Æú´õ ¾È¿¡ À½¼ºÆÄÀÏÀÌ ÀÖ´Â °æ¿ì¿¡´Â »ó´ëÀûÀ¸·Îµµ Ç¥½ÃÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
Read from file... ..\a
´ÙÀ½Àº ÇÁ¶óÆ® ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¿¡¼ ºóÄ, ¼³¸í, ¿¬¼ÓµÈ ÁÙÀ» ¾î¶»°Ô ³ªÅ¸³»´ÂÁö¿¡ ´ëÇØ »ìÆìº¸±â·Î ÇÑ´Ù.
ÇÁ¶óÆ® ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¿¡¼ ¸í·É¾î ÁÙ ¾ÕÀÇ ºóÄÀ̳ª ÅÇÀº ¾Æ¹«¸® ¸¹¾Æµµ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ® ½ÇÇà¿¡´Â °ü°è°¡ ¾ø´Ù. °¡´ÉÇϸé Àû¾îµµ 3°³ ÀÌ»óÀÇ ºóÄÀ» µÎ¾î µé¿©¾²±â¸¦ ÇÏ¸é ¼öÁ¤Çϰųª ÀÐÀ» ¶§ Æí¸®ÇÏ´Ù.
¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, 3°³ÀÇ ¼ö¸¦ °öÇÏ¿© ´õÇÑ ÇÕÀ» ±¸ÇÏ´Â ´ÙÀ½ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ »ý°¢Çغ¸ÀÚ.
sum=0
for i to 3
for j to 3
sum+=i*j
endfor
endfor
print 'sum'
echo °öÇÑ °ªÀÇ ÇÕÀº 'sum'ÀÌ´Ù.
À̰ÍÀ» ½ÇÇàÇϸé 36ÀÌ µÈ´Ù. ÀÌ·¸°Ô ½ºÅ©¸³Æ® ¾Õ¿¡ ¾Æ¹«·± ¹®ÀÚ°¡ ¾ø´Â ºóĵéÀº ¹«½ÃµÇ¹Ç·Î ´Ü¶ôÀ» Áö¾î ¸í·É¾î ¹«¸®¸¦ ¸¸µå´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ´Ù.
½ºÅ©¸³Æ® ¾È¿¡ ¼³¸íÀ» µ¡ºÙ¿© ³õÀ¸·Á¸é, ÇØ´ç ÁÙ ¾Õ¿¡ !, #, ;¿Í °°Àº ºÎÈ£¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù.
! ´ÙÀ½ ¸í·É¾î´Â 75∼600 Hz ¹üÀ§ÀÇ ÇÇÄ¡°ªÀ» ±¸ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÓ
To Pitch... 0 75 600
¸¸¾à ÇÁ¶óÆ® ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¿¡¼ ³Ê¹« ±ä ¸í·É¾î¸¦ ½á¾ß Çϰųª ÀÛÀº ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ È¸é¿¡ ¸ðµç ³»¿ëÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»±â ¾î·Á¿ï °æ¿ì¿¡´Â °è¼Ó À̾îÁø´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» Ç¥½ÃÇÏ´Â ...À» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.
¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ÅØ½ºÆ®¸¦ ±×¸²Ã¢¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³»·Á¸é µû¶ó¿À´Â ÁÙÀÌ ¿¬¼ÓµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ...À¸·Î Ç¥½ÃÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
Text top... yes Praat is a wonderful speech analysis tool. I want you
...to try it once.
2.4 °´Ã¼¼±ÅÃ
°´Ã¼Ã¢¿¡ ºÒ·¯¿Â °´Ã¼¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇÒ ¶§ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¿¡¼´Â
select °´Ã¼À̸§
À» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.
¸¸¾à °°Àº À̸§ÀÇ °´Ã¼°¡ ÀÖÀ¸¸é ¸ñ·Ï °¡¿îµ¥ °¡Àå ¾Æ·¡ °ÍÀ» ¼±ÅÃÇϹǷΠÆÄÀÏÀ̸§ÀÌ µ¿ÀÏÇÏ´õ¶óµµ Â÷·Ê·Î ºÐ¼®ÇØ °á°ú¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»´Â µ¥´Â ¹®Á¦°¡ ¾ø´Ù.
µÎ°³ ÀÌ»óÀÇ °´Ã¼¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇÏ·Á¸é ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù.
select °´Ã¼À̸§
plus °´Ã¼À̸§
´ÙÀ½ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®´Â À̿ʹ ¹Ý´ë·Î ÀÛ¿ëÇÑ´Ù.
select °´Ã¼À̸§
minus °´Ã¼À̸§
¸ðµç °´Ã¼¸¦ ÇѲ¨¹ø¿¡ ¼±ÅÃÇÏ¿© °´Ã¼Ã¢¿¡¼ Á¦°ÅÇÏ·Á¸é ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ Ç¥ÇöÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù.
select all
Remove
ÆÄÀÏÀ̸§ ´ë½Å¿¡ °¢ °´Ã¼¿¡ ºÙ¿©Áø °íÀ¯¹øÈ£(ID:Identification)¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ¼±ÅÃÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
select 12
À§ÀÇ ¸í·É¾î´Â ÇÁ¶óÆ®¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇÑ µÚ 12¹øÂ° ¸¸µç °´Ã¼¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ½ÇÁ¦ °¢ °´Ã¼ÀÇ ¹øÈ£¸¦ Çϳª¾¿ ±â¾ïÇϰí ÀÖÀ» ¼ö ¾ø±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¼±ÅÃµÈ °´Ã¼ÀÇ °íÀ¯¹øÈ£¸¦ ¾Ë¾Æ³»¾î ó¸®ÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýµµ ÀÖ´Ù.
soundID=selected("Sound")
select 'soundID'
¶ÇÇÑ ¼±ÅÃµÈ À½¼º°´Ã¼ÀÇ À̸§À» ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ºÒ·¯¿Í ÇϳªÀÇ º¯¼ö(name$)·Î ÁöÁ¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
name$=selected("Sound")
pitchname$=selected("Pitch")
ÀÌ ¶§ °´Ã¼Ã¢¿¡ ºÒ·¯¿Í ÀÖ´Â À½¼º°´Ã¼³ª ÇÇÄ¡°´Ã¼ °¡¿îµ¥ ¸Ç À§ÀÇ °ÍÀ» °¡¸®Å³ ¶§´Â À§¿Í °°ÀÌ ¾Æ¹«·± ¼ýÀÚ ¾øÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. ´Ù¼¸ ¹øÂ° °´Ã¼¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»·Á¸é
name$=selected("Sound", 5)
À» ¾²°í ¸Ç ¾Æ·¡ÀÇ À½¼º°´Ã¼¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»·Á¸é
name$=selected("Sound", -1)
À¸·Î Ç¥½ÃÇÑ´Ù.
±×·±µ¥ ¸¸ÀÏ °´Ã¼Ã¢¿¡¼ ¼±ÅÃÇÑ À̸§ÀÌ name$¿¡ ÁöÁ¤µÇ´õ¶óµµ ´Ù¸¥ À½¼º°´Ã¼¸¦ °¡Á®¿À°Ô µÇ¸é ¼ø¼°¡ ´Þ¶óÁö´Â °æ¿ì°¡ »ý±â¹Ç·Î ¾Õ¼ ¼³¸íÇÑ °íÀ¯¹øÈ£¸¦ Ȱ¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù.
¼±ÅÃµÈ °´Ã¼ÀÇ ¼ö¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»·Á¸é ÁöÁ¤µÈ ÇÔ¼ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.
number=numberOfSelected("Sound")
print 'number'
À§¿Í °°ÀÌ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ ¸¸µé°í ´Ù¼¸ °³ÀÇ À½¼º°´Ã¼¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇÑ µÚ ½ÇÇàÇØº¸¸é Á¤º¸Ã¢¿¡ "5"¶ó°í ³ªÅ¸³´Ù.
2.5 ÇÁ¶óÆ®ÀÇ ¼öÄ¡ Ç¥Çö°ú ¹®ÀÚ¿ Ç¥Çö ¹æ½Ä
ÇÁ¶óÆ®ÀÇ ¼öÄ¡°è»êÀº Control¾Æ·¡ GoodiesÀÇ Calculator¿Í, ´ëÈâÀÇ ¼öÄ¡ÀÔ·ÂÄ¿¡ °è»ê°ø½ÄÀ» ³Ö¾î »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¸ÕÀú °è»ê±ââ¿¡¼ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¿¹¸¦ »ìÆìº¸ÀÚ. ±×¸² 2.9¿Í °°ÀÌ ÀÔ·ÂÇϰí OK´ÜÃ߸¦ ´©¸£¸é Á¤º¸Ã¢¿¡ 25¶õ °ªÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³´Ù.
±×¸² 2.9 °è»ê±â ÀÔ·Ââ
¹®ÀÚ¿³¢¸®µµ ´õÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. °è»ê±ââ¿¡ "Cal"+"culator"¶ó°í ÀÔ·ÂÇϸé Á¤º¸Ã¢¿¡ Calculator¶ó°í ³ªÅ¸³´Ù. ¹°·Ð, "Calculator"-"culator"¶ó°í ÀÔ·ÂÇϸé Á¤º¸Ã¢¿¡ Cal¸¸ ³ªÅ¸³´Ù. ÀÌ ±â´ÉÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¸é ´Ù¸¥ ºÐ¼®¿ë ´ëÈâÀÇ ¼öÄ¡°ª Ä¿¡ °è»ê°ø½ÄÀ» ÀÔ·ÂÇϱâ Àü¿¡ Á¦´ë·Î ÀÛµ¿ÇÒÁö ¹Ì¸® È®ÀÎÇϴµ¥ Æí¸®ÇÏ´Ù.
ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¹®ÀÚ¿ ±â´ÉÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© .wav·Î ³¡³ª´Â ÆÄÀÏÀ» µð½ºÅ©¿¡¼ ºÒ·¯¿Ã ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
soundName$="aboji"
fileName$=soundName$+".wav"
Read from file... 'fileName$'
µ¡ºÙ¿© ´ÙÀ½ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇϸé À½¼ºÆÄÀÏÀ̸§¿¡¼ ÀϺθ¦ Á¦¿ÜÇÏ°í ±×¸²Ã¢¿¡ ÀμâÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
soundName$="aboji.aifc"
fileName$="'soundName$'"-".aifc"
Viewport... 1 6 1 5
Text... 1 Centre 1 Half 'fileName$'
2.6 ¼öÄ¡°è»êÀÇ ¿¹¾àÇÔ¼ö
¿¹¾àÇÔ¼ö¶õ ÇÁ¶óÆ®¿¡ ÀÌ¹Ì µé¾îÀÖ´Â ÇÔ¼ö·Î¼ °ªÀ» ó¸®Çϴµ¥ ¸Å¿ì Æí¸®ÇÏ´Ù. ¹°·Ð ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®ÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ °÷¿¡¼ ¿¹¾àµÈ ¿ë¾î¸¦ º¯¼ö³ª ÇÔ¼ö·Î »ç¿ëÇØ¼´Â ¿¡·¯°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
°ö¼ÀÀº 5*5¿Í °°ÀÌ Ç¥½ÃÇϰí, ³ª´°¼ÀÀº 5/5·Î Ç¥ÇöÇÑ´Ù. µ¡¼ÀÀº 5+5, »¬¼ÀÀº 5-5, Á¦°öÀº 5^2ÀÌ´Ù. 5ÀÇ 6Á¦°ö(5x5x5x5x5x5)Àº 5^6À¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. Á¦°ö±ÙÀº sqrt(2)°¡ µÈ´Ù. ±× ¿Ü¿¡µµ »ï°¢ÇÔ¼ö µîÀÌ Æ÷ÇԵǾî Àִµ¥ sin(1/3*pi)´Â Ր/3ÀÇ sine°ªÀ» ±¸ÇØÁØ´Ù.
2.7 ¹®ÀÚ°è»êÀÇ ¿¹¾àÇÔ¼ö
Control±âº»¸Þ´ºÀÇ Goodies¾Æ·¡ Calculator¸¦ ¿¬ ´ÙÀ½ length("mydocuments")¿Í °°ÀÌ ÀÔ·ÂÇϸé Á¤º¸Ã¢¿¡ 11À̶ó°í ´Ü¾î¾ÈÀÇ ¹®ÀÚ¼ö¸¦ Ãâ·ÂÇØ ÁØ´Ù. µÎ ¹øÂ° Á¦½ÃµÈ ¹®ÀÚ¿ÀÌ Ã¹ ¹øÂ° ¹®ÀÚ¿ °¡¿îµ¥ ¸î ¹øÂ° ¹®ÀÚ¿ À§Ä¡¿¡¼ ½ÃÀ۵ǴÂÁö¸¦ º¸¿©ÁÖ´Â index("mydocuments", "ments")¸¦ ÀÔ·ÂÇϸé 7À̶õ ¼ýÀÚ°¡ Á¤º¸Ã¢¿¡ ¶á´Ù. µ¡ºÙ¿©, ¹®ÀÚ¿ °¡¿îµ¥ ¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â À§Ä¡¸¦ ±¸ÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì¿¡´Â rindex("mydocumentsments", "ments")¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. °á°ú´Â 12°¡ µÈ´Ù. ÀÌ·± ¹®ÀÚ¿ ÇÔ¼öµéÀº ÆÄÀÏÀ̸§À̳ª ÆÄÀÏÀÇ ³»¿ëÀ» °Ë»öÇÒ ¶§¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, È®ÀåÀÚÀÇ À§Ä¡¸¦ ã¾Æ ±× ¾ÕºÎºÐ¸¸À» ¼±ÅÃÇÏ¿© ÆÄÀÏÀ̸§À¸·Î ±×¸²Ã¢¿¡ Ç¥½ÃÇϰųª ÀúÀåÇÒ ¶§ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
¼ýÀÚ·Î µÈ ¹®ÀÚ¿ °¡¿îµ¥ ¼Ò¼öÁ¡¾Æ·¡ ÀÚ¸®¼ö¸¦ ÁöÁ¤ÇÏ·Á¸é fixed$(¼öÄ¡, ¼Ò¼öÁ¡¾Æ·¡ ÀÚ¸®¼ö)¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, fixed$(12.34567,3)Çϸé 12.345¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»°í, fixed$(12.34007,3)Çϸé 12.340À» ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. percent$(¼öÄ¡, % ¼Ò¼öÁ¡¾Æ·¡ ÀÚ¸®¼ö)µµ ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î Ãâ·ÂµÈ´Ù.
ƯÁ¤ÇÑ ¹®ÀÚ¿ÀÇ À§Ä¡¸¦ ãÀº ´ÙÀ½ ±× À§Ä¡¸¦ ±âÁØÀ¸·Î ¿ÞÂÊÀ¸·Î ¶Ç´Â Áß°£ÀÇ À§Ä¡¿¡¼ ¿À¸¥ÂÊÀ¸·Î ¸î ÀÚ¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇÏ·Á¸é ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ÇÔ¼ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ¸ÕÀú left$("mydocuments",5)¸¦ Çϸé mydoc°¡ ¼±ÅõȴÙ. mid$("mydocuments",7,4)¸¦ ÀÔ·ÂÇϸé ment°¡ ¼±ÅõȴÙ. date$()¸¦ ÇÏ¸é ³¯Â¥¸¦ ¹®ÀÚ¿·Î ¹Þ¾Æ Á¤º¸Ã¢¿¡ Sun Jan 18 12:39:28 2004¿Í °°ÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³»¾îÁØ´Ù. ¹°·Ð ÀÌ·± °á°ú°ªÀ» º¯¼ö·Î ó¸®ÇÏ·Á¸é now$=date$()·Î Á¤ÀÇÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®´Â ÇöÀçÀÇ ³¯Â¥¿Í ½Ã°£À» ¹Þ¾Æ¼ Çѱ¹½ÄÀ¸·Î Á¤º¸Ã¢¿¡ Ç¥½ÃÇØÁØ´Ù.
clearinfo
now$=date$()
weekday$=left$(now$,3)
day$=mid$(now$,9,2)
month$=mid$(now$,5,3)
year$=right$(now$,4)
print 'year$''tab$''month$''tab$''day$''tab$''weekday$'
Á¤º¸Ã¢ÀÇ Ãâ·ÂÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù.
2004 Jan 18 Sun
±×¸² 2.10 À½¼º Á¤º¸ â
ÀÔ·ÂµÈ Á¤º¸ °¡¿îµ¥ ÀϺθ¦ ÃßÃâÇÏ´Â ÇÔ¼ö·Î´Â extractNumber, extractWord$, extractLine$ µîÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. °´Ã¼Ã¢¿¡ À½¼ºÀ» ºÒ·¯¿Â µÚ Edit´ÜÃ߸¦ ´·¯ À½¼º ÆíÁýâÀ¸·Î ¿°í ÆíÁýâÀÇ Query±âº»¸Þ´º ¾Æ·¡ÀÇ ÇÏÀ§¸Þ´ºÀÎ Settings report¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇÏ¸é ±×¸² 2.10°ú °°ÀÌ Á¤º¸Ã¢¿¡ À½¼º°ú °ü·ÃµÈ ¸ðµç ³»¿ëÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»¾î ÁØ´Ù.
À̰ÍÀ» ÆíÁýâ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¿¡ ¹®ÀÚ¿ º¯¼ö·Î ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÎ µÚ ÃÖ´ëÁ֯ļö¸¦ ±¸ÇÏ·Á¸é ´ÙÀ½ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù.
clearinfo
report$=Settings report
duration=extractNumber(report$, "Editor end:")
print 'duration'
Á¤º¸Ã¢¿¡´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ °á°ú°ªÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³´Ù.
0.34471655328798184
ÇÁ¶óÆ®ÀÇ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¿¡¼ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â º¯¼ö, ¼öġǥÇö, ÇÔ¼ö, ¹®ÀÚ¿, ¼öÄ¡°è»ê µîÀº ÀÏ¹Ý ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÎ º£À̽ÄÀÇ Ç¥Çö¾ç½ÄÀ» µû¶ú´Ù.
¸ÕÀú º¯¼ö°ªÀ» Ç¥½ÃÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» »ìÆìº¸ÀÚ. º¯¼ö¶õ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ¿¡¼ ¿©·¯ °¡Áö·Î º¯ÇÏ´Â °ªÀ» °¡Áú ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÀÓÀÇÀÇ ¹®ÀÚ³ª ¼ýÀÚ°ªÀ» °¡Áú ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¹®ÀÚ³ª ´Ü¾î¸¦ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ ÀÛ¼ºÇÒ ¶§ ±×¶§±×¶§ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °ªÀ» º¯¼ö·Î ÁöÁ¤ÇÏ¿© Æí¸®ÇÏ°Ô È°¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
2.8 ¼ýÀÚº¯¼ö
¼ýÀÚº¯¼ö´Â Á¤¼ö°ªÀÏ ¶§´Â -1,000,000,000,000,000¿¡¼ +1,000,000,000,000,000±îÁöÀÇ °ªÀ» °¡Áú ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ½Ç¼ö¿¡¼´Â -10308¿¡¼ +10308±îÁöÀÇ °ªÀ» °¡Áú ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. À̰ÍÀº 308ÀÚ¸®ÀÇ ¼ýÀÚ¸¦ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. °¡Àå ÀÛÀº ¼ö´Â -10-308¿¡¼ +10-308±îÁöÀÇ °ªµéÀ» °¡Áú ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. À̰ÍÀº ¼Ò¼öÁ¡ ÀÌÇÏ 308ÀÚ¸®¸¦ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.
¼ýÀÚ¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³¾ ¶§´Â 3.14159, -3.14159¿Í °°ÀÌ ¼Ò¼öÁ¡À¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³¾ ¼ö ÀÖ°í, ¾ÆÁÖ Å« ¼öÀÏ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â Áö¼ö¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© 3.14159e5·Î Çϸé 314159°ªÀ» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ 3.14159e-5¸¦ Çϸé 0.0000314159¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. 314.5%µµ 3.1415¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀÚ¸´¼ö°¡ ±âº»°ªÀ» ³Ñ°Ô µÇ¸é °è»ê»óÀÇ ¿¡·¯¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»¹Ç·Î ÁÖÀÇÇØ¾ßÇÑ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î 1e200*1e100ÀÇ °á°ú°ªÀº 1e300ÀÌ µÇÁö¸¸, 1e300*1e100Àº °è»êµÇÁö ¾Ê°í undefined¶õ ¸Þ½ÃÁö°¡ ³ª¿À°Ô µÈ´Ù. ³ª´©±â¿¡¼µµ 1e-300/1e100À» ÇÏ¸é °á°ú°ªÀÌ 0ÀÌ µÈ´Ù. »ó¼ö°ªÀ¸·Î´Â e¿Í pi°¡ Àִµ¥, e°ªÀº 2.7182818284590452354°¡ ¹è´çµÇ¾î ÀÖ°í, pi°ªÀº 3.14159265358979323846ÀÌ ÀԷµǾî ÀÖ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇϸé, Á¤º¸Ã¢¿¡ ÀϺθ¸ ÀμâµÈ´Ù.
clearinfo
evalue=e
pivalue=pi
print 'evalue''newline$'
print 'pivalue''newline$'
°á°ú°ªÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù.
2.718281828459045
3.141592653589793
À̰ÍÀº ¼Ò¼öÁ¡¾Æ·¡ 16ÀÚ¸®±îÁö ÀúÀåµÇ¾î Àֱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. µ¡ºÙ¿©, °è»ê±â¿¡ 3.149999999999999¶ó°í ÀÔ·ÂÇϰí OK´ÜÃ߸¦ ´©¸£¸é µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ¼ýÀÚ°¡ Á¤º¸Ã¢¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³ªÁö¸¸, 3.1499999999999999¶ó°í ¼Ò¼öÁ¡ÀÌÇÏ 17 ÀÚ¸®·Î µÈ ¼ýÀÚ¸¦ ÀÔ·ÂÇÏ¸é °á°ú°ªÀÌ 3.15·Î 󸮵ȴÙ. ÀÌ·¸°Ô ÀÚ¸®¼ö¸¦ Á¦ÇÑÇÑ °ÍÀº ¾Æ¸¶ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ ¿¬»ê¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ¸Þ¸ð¸®ÀÇ ÇѰè¿Í À̸¦ ÃÖÀûÀ¸·Î ¹è´çÇÏ¿© ó¸®ÇϱâÀ§ÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î ÁüÀ۵ȴÙ.
2.9 ¼öÇаè»ê ÇÔ¼ö
°ø½Ä¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼öÇаè»ê ÇÔ¼öµéÀº ÇÁ¶óÆ®¿¡ ¹Ì¸® ¿¹¾àµÈ °ÍÀ¸·Î ´Ù¾çÇÏ°Ô È°¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¸ðµç ¸ñ·ÏÀº ÇÁ¶óÆ®ÀÇ Help¸Þ´º¾Æ·¡ Formulas TutorialÀ» Ŭ¸¯ ÇÏ°í ±× ¾Æ·¡ÀÇ ¿¬°á °³Ã¼ °¡¿îµ¥ Mathmatical functions¸¦ ´©¸£¸é µÈ´Ù. ÀÌ Ã¥¿¡¼´Â À½¼ººÐ¼®°ú °ü·ÃµÈ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ® ÀÛ¼º¿¡ ÀÚÁÖ »ç¿ëµÉ ÀϺκÐÀÇ ÇÔ¼ö¸¸ »ìÆìº¸±â·Î ÇÑ´Ù.
abs(x)´Â +/-ºÎÈ£¸¦ ¾ø¾Ø Àý´ë°ªÀ» ±¸ÇÒ ¶§ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. round(x)´Â Á¤¼ö°ªÀ» ±¸ÇØÁØ´Ù. randomUniform(ÃÖ¼Ò°ª, ÃÖ´ë°ª)Àº ÁöÁ¤µÈ ÃÖ¼Ò°ª°ú ÃÖ´ë°ª »çÀÌÀÇ °ªÀ» ÀÓÀÇ·Î ±¸ÇØÁØ´Ù. randomInteger(ÃÖ¼Ò°ª, ÃÖ´ë°ª)Àº ÁöÁ¤µÈ ÃÖ¼Ò°ª°ú ÃÖ´ë°ª »çÀÌÀÇ °ªÀ¸·Î Á¤¼ö°ªÀ» ±¸ÇØÁØ´Ù. randomGauss(Æò±Õ°ª, Ç¥ÁØÆíÂ÷)´Â ÁöÁ¤µÈ Æò±Õ°ª¿¡¼ Ç¥ÁØÆíÂ÷°ª »çÀÌÀÇ °ªÀ» ÀÓÀÇ·Î ±¸ÇØÁØ´Ù. hertzToBark(x)´Â À½Çâ¹°¸®°ªÀÎ Hertz´ÜÀ§ÀÇ °ªÀ» û°¢Ã´µµÀÎ Bark·Î º¯È¯ÇÏ¿© ÁØ´Ù. ±× ¹Ý´ë´Â barkToHertz(x)¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. hertzToMel(x)´Â À½Çâ¹°¸®°ªÀÎ Hertz´ÜÀ§ÀÇ °ªÀ» û°¢Ã´µµÀÎ Mel·Î º¯È¯ÇÏ¿© ÁØ´Ù. ±× ¹Ý´ë´Â melToHertz(x)¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. hertzToSemitones(x)´Â À½Çâ¹°¸®°ªÀÎ Hertz´ÜÀ§ÀÇ °ªÀ» ·Î±×À½¾ÇôµµÀÎ semitoneÀ¸·Î º¯È¯ÇÏ¿© ÁØ´Ù. ±× ¹Ý´ë´Â semitonesToHertz(x)¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ÇÇÄ¡°ªÀ» À½°è¿¡ ¸ÂÃç Ç¥ÇöÇÒ ¶§ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.ÀÌ ¸ðµç ÇÔ¼öÀÇ Ã¹ ±ÛÀÚ´Â ¼Ò¹®ÀÚÀÌ´Ù.
2.10 º¯¼öÇ¥½Ã
º¯¼öÀÇ À̸§Àº ¿µ¾î ¼Ò¹®ÀÚ·Î ½á¾ßÇϰí, ¹®ÀÚ, ¼ýÀÚ³ª ¹ØÁÙ(Underscore)À» ÀÌ¾î¼ ÇϳªÀÇ À̸§À¸·Î ¿¬°á½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, Á¤ÇöÆÄ¸¦ ¸¸µå´Â ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¿¡¼ Á֯ļö°ªÀ» 1000 Hz·Î ÁöÁ¤ÇÏ¿© °´Ã¼Ã¢¿¡ ¿Ã¸®°í ½ÍÀ» ¶§´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ Ç¥ÇöÇÑ´Ù.
frequency=1000
Create Sound... sinewave 0 1 22050 1/2 * sin(2*pi*frequency*x)
À§ÀÇ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ´Ù¼¸ °³ÀÇ Á֯ļö¿¡ ÇØ´çÇÏ´Â Á¤ÇöÆÄ¸¦ ¸¸µé·Á¸é ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ µ¡ºÙÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
for i to 5
frequency=1000*i
Create Sound... sinewave 0 1 22050 1/2 * sin(2*pi*frequency*x)
endfor
À§ÀÇ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇÏ¸é ´Ù¼¸ °³ÀÇ Á¤ÇöÆÄ°¡ °´Ã¼Ã¢¿¡ ¿Ã·ÁÁø´Ù.
º¯¼ö¸í¿¡ ¹®ÀÚ¿À» ÁöÁ¤ÇÏ·Á¸é º¯¼ö¸í ³¡¿¡ À̰ÍÀÌ ¹®ÀÚ¿À» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â º¯¼ö¶ó´Â $Ç¥½Ã¸¦ ¹Ýµå½Ã ³Ö¾î¾ßÇÏ°í ´ëÀԵǴ °ªµµ °ãÀοëºÎÈ£¸¦ Ç¥½ÃÇØ¾ßÇÑ´Ù.
sinename$="1000Hz"
µÎ °³ÀÇ ¹®ÀÚ¿À» ÇÕÄ¥ ¶§´Â +¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ¼ýÀÚ°ªÀ» ¹®ÀÚ¿·Î º¯È¯ÇÏ·Á¸é ÇØ´çº¯¼ö¸¦ °ãµû¿ÈÇ¥·Î °¨½Îµµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù.
sinename$="'frequency'"+"Hz"
¾Õ¼ ¸¸µç Á֯ļöÀÇ Á¤ÇöÆÄÀÇ Á֯ļö¸¦ °´Ã¼Ã¢¿¡ Ç¥½ÃÇϰíÀÚ ÇÑ´Ù¸é ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¼öÁ¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
for i to 5
frequency=1000*i
sinename$="'frequency'"+"Hz"
Create Sound... 'sinename$' 0 1 22050 1/2 * sin(2*pi*frequency*x)
endfor
À§ÀÇ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇÏ¸é °´Ã¼Ã¢¿¡ ±×¸² 2.11°ú °°ÀÌ ´Ù¼¸ °³ÀÇ Á¤ÇöÆÄ°¡ ¿Ã·ÁÁø´Ù.
±×¸² 2.11 Á¤ÇöÆÄ¸¦ ¸¸µé¾î °´Ã¼Ã¢¿¡ ¿Ã¸®±â
2.11 ¼Ò¸® ¸¸µé±â °ø½Ä
À½¼ºÇÐ °ÀÇ¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÒ Á¤ÇöÆÄ³ª ¿¬±¸¸¦ ÇÏ´Ùº¸¸é ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾îÀÇ ±â´ÉÀ» Á¡°ËÇϱâÀ§ÇØ ¼Ò¸®¸¦ ¸¸µé¾î¾ßÇÒ °æ¿ì°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ¼Ò¸®¸¦ ¸¸µé·Á¸é °´Ã¼Ã¢ÀÇ New±âº»¸Þ´ºÀÇ ¾Æ·¡ Sound¾Æ·¡ÀÇ Create Sound...¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù. ÀÌ ¸Þ´º¸¦ Ŭ¸¯ÇÏ¸é ±×¸² 2.12¿Í °°Àº ´ëÈâÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³´Ù.
¿©±â¼ NameÀº °´Ã¼Ã¢¿¡ ¿Ã·ÁÁú ¼Ò¸®ÀÇ À̸§À̰í, ½ÃÀ۽ð£°ú ³¡³ª´Â ½Ã°£À» ÀÔ·ÂÇÑ´Ù. ´ëÈâ¿¡´Â Ç¥º»¼Óµµ¸¦ 22050Hz·Î 1ÃʺÐÀÇ ¼Ò¸®¸¦ ¸¸µéµµ·Ï ¼±ÅõǾî ÀÖ´Ù. ±× ¾Æ·¡¿¡ ÀÖ´Â Formula Ä¿¡´Â 1/2 * sin(2*pi*377*x) + randomGauss(0,0.1)¶ó°í ÀԷµǾî Àִµ¥ ù ¹øÂ° ºÐ¸ðÀÎ 1/2ÀÌ ¼Ò¸®ÀÇ ÁøÆøÀ» °áÁ¤ÇÏ´Â °ªÀÌ µÈ´Ù. ¼Ò¸®ÀÇ ÁøÆø°ªÀÌ ÃÖ´ë 1ÆÄ½ºÄ®¿¡¼ ÃÖÀú -1ÆÄ½ºÄ® »çÀÌ¿¡ ºÐÆ÷ÇϰÔÇÏ·Á¸é 1À» ÁÖ¸éµÇ°í, 1/2ÀÌ µÇ¸é ÃÖ´ë 0.5ÆÄ½ºÄ®¿¡¼ ÃÖÀú -0.5ÆÄ½ºÄ® »çÀÌ¿¡ ºÐÆ÷ÇÑ´Ù. º¸Åë ÀÌ °ªÀÇ ºÐ¸ð°¡ Ŭ¼ö·Ï Ãâ·ÂÀ½ÀÇ ÁøÆøÀÌ ÀÛ¾ÆÁö°í ÀûÀ»¼ö·Ï Ä¿Áø´Ù.
±×¸² 2.12 ¼Ò¸® ¸¸µé±â ´ëÈâ
´ÙÀ½ÀÇ sin(2*pi*377*x)¿¡¼ 377ºÎºÐÀº Á֯ļö¸¦ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ °ªÀÌ Å©¸é ÇÇÄ¡°¡ ³ôÀº À½ÀÌ µÇ°í ÀÛÀ¸¸é ÇÇÄ¡°¡ ³·Àº À½ÀÌ µÈ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½¿¡ ³ª¿À´Â x´Â ½Ã°£Á¡¸¶´Ù ÁøÆø°ªÀÌ ´Þ¶óÁö°Ô ÇÑ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, 22050 HzÀÇ Ç¥º»¼Óµµ¶ó¸é x°ªÀº 1/22050ÃÊ, 2/22050ÃÊ, 3/22050ÃÊ µîÀÇ °ªÀ¸·Î Ä¿Áø´Ù. ¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î µ¡ºÙ¿©Áø + randomGauss(0,0.1)´Â ¼ÒÀ½À» ´õÇØÁÖ´Â °ø½ÄÀÌ´Ù. ù ¹øÂ° 0Àº ±âÁؼ±ÀÌ µÇ°í 0.1Àº Ç¥ÁØÆíÂ÷¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. Ç¥ÁØÆíÂ÷°¡ Ä¿Áú¼ö·Ï ¼ÒÀ½ÀÌ Å©°Ô µÈ´Ù.
¼±ÅÃÇÑ À½¼º ÆÄÀÏ À̸§À» º¯¼ö·Î ÁöÁ¤ÇÑ µÚ À̰ÍÀ» ±×¸²Ã¢¿¡ ÀμâÇÏ·Á¸é ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ÇÑ´Ù.
name$=selected$("Sound")
Text top... no 'name$'
ÀÌ ¶§ selected$ÀÇ ¹®ÀÚ¿À» Ç¥½ÃÇÏ´Â $°¡ ¾øÀ¸¸é ½ÇÇàÀÌ ¾È µÈ´Ù. º¯¼ö³¢¸® °öÇϰųª ´õÇÏ¿© ´Ù¸¥ º¯¼öÀÇ À̸§¿¡ ³ÖÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
clearinfo
s=10
ss=s*s
sss=s*s*s
print 's', 'ss', 'sss'
ù ¹øÂ° ÁÙÀÇ clearinfo´Â Á¤º¸Ã¢¿¡ µé¾îÀÖ´Â ¸ðµç ³»¿ëÀ» Áö¿ö¹ö¸®¶ó´Â ¸í·É¾î´Ù. À§ÀÇ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇϸé Á¤º¸Ã¢¿¡ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³´Ù.
10, 100, 1000
¸¸¾à¿¡ ¼Ò¼öÁ¡ ÀÌÇÏ ÀÚ¸´¼ö¸¦ Á¶ÀýÇÏ·Á¸é ÄݷдÙÀ½¿¡ ÀÚ¸´¼ö¸¦ Ç¥½ÃÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù.
clearinfo
s=9.12345
print 's:0', 's:1', 's:2', 's:3', 's:4', 's:5'
À§ÀÇ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇÏ¸é ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ Á¤º¸Ã¢¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³´Ù.
9, 9.1, 9.12, 9.123, 9.1235, 9.12345
ÀÌ ±â´ÉÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇϸé ÇÇÄ¡³ª Æ÷¸ÕÆ® °ª µî ¼Ò¼öÁ¡ ÀÌÇÏ ±ä ¼ýÀÚ¸¦ Áö¿ì°í ¿øÇÏ´Â Á¤¼ö °ª¸¸ Á¤º¸Ã¢¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³»°Å³ª Çϵåµð½ºÅ©¿¡ ÀúÀåÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
µ¡ºÙ¿©, ºñÀ²À» ³ªÅ¸³»°í ½ÍÀ» ¶§´Â ÀÚ¸´¼ö¿Í %¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù.
clearinfo
s=9.12345
print 's:5%'
À§ÀÇ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇϸé Á¤º¸Ã¢¿¡ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³´Ù.
912.34500%
À̿ܿ¡µµ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®ÀÇ ¿¹¾àµÈ ¹®ÀÚ¿ º¯¼ö·Î´Â newline$, tab$, shellDirectory$°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. newline$´Â ´ÙÀ½ ÁÙ·Î ¹Ù²Ù¶ó´Â º¯¼öÀ̰í, tab$´Â Űº¸µåÀÇ ÅÇ۸¦ ´©¸£´Â È¿°ú¸¦ º¸ÀδÙ. ¸¶Áö¸· ¿¹¾àº¯¼ö´Â À¯´Ð½º³ª µµ½º¿¡¼ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. newline$¿Í tab$¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇϸé Á¤º¸Ã¢¿¡ ÁÙÀ» ¹Ù²Ù°Å³ª ÀÏÁ¤ÇÑ °£°ÝÀ» ¶ç¾î¼ °á°ú°ªÀ» ±ú²ýÇÏ°Ô ³ªÅ¸³»°Å³ª Çϵåµð½ºÅ©¿¡ ÆÄÀÏ·Î ÀúÀåÇÒ ¶§ Å« µµ¿òÀÌ µÈ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇØº¸ÀÚ.
clearinfo
s=9.12345
print 's:0''tab$' 's:1''tab$''s:2''newline$'
print 's:3''s:4''s:5'
À§ÀÇ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇÏ¸é ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ Á¤º¸Ã¢¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³´Ù.
9 9.1 9.12
9.1239.12359.12345
¸¸¾à newline$°¡ ¾ø¾ú´Ù¸é ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¸ðµÎ ¿¬ÀÌ¾î ³ªÅ¸³¯ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
9 9.1 9.129.1239.12359.12345
2.12 °è»ê°ø½Ä
ÇÁ¶óÆ®¿¡¼´Â ÀÓÀÇÀÇ º¯¼ö°ªÀ» ÀÔ·ÂÇÑ ´ÙÀ½ º¯¼ö³¢¸® ¼ýÀÚ°ªÀ» °è»êÇÏ´Â ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ ¸¸µé ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½Àº °¡·Î 20cm ¼¼·Î 30cm ÀÎ »ï°¢ÇüÀÇ ¸éÀûÀ» ±¸ÇÏ¿© Á¤º¸Ã¢¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®ÀÌ´Ù.
clearinfo
length=20
height=30
area=(length*height)/2
print The area is 'area'.
¹°·Ð °ø½Ä °¡¿îµ¥ º¯¼ö³ª °ø½ÄÀ» »ç¿ëÇØµµ µÈ´Ù. ÀÌ ¶§ ¸¶Áö¸·¿¡ ¿À´Â º¯¼ö ´ÙÀ½¿¡ ºóÄÀÌ ¾ø¾î¾ßÇÑ´Ù. ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ ¸¸µå´Â °úÁ¤¿¡¼ ¸í·É¾î ³¡ºÎºÐÀÇ ºóÄ ¶§¹®¿¡ ½ÇÇàÀÌ ¾È µÇ´Â °æ¿ì°¡ ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î ÁÖÀÇÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ¸¶Áö¸· º¯¼ö À§Ä¡¿¡¼´Â °ãµû¿ÈÇ¥¸¦ »ç¿ëÇØ¼´Â ¾È µÈ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½Àº ¾Õ¼ ¸¸µç Á¤ÇöÆÄ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¿¡¼ frequency´ë½Å °ø½Ä ¾È¿¡ Á÷Á¢ ¼ýÀÚ°ªÀ» ³ÖÀº °æ¿ìÀÌ´Ù.
for i to 5
frequency=1000*i
sinename$="'frequency'"+"Hz"
Create Sound... 'sinename$' 0 1 22050 1/2 * sin(2*pi*1000*i*x)
endfor
2.13 °´Ã¼ÀÇ ¼Ó¼º
°´Ã¼Ã¢¿¡ ºÒ·¯¿Â °´Ã¼ÀÇ ¼Ó¼ºÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¸é ºü¸£°Ô °è»êÇϰųª º¯ÇüÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, Sound_aboji¶ó°í ÇÏ°í ±× µÚ¿¡ ¸¶Ä§Ç¥¿Í ¼Ó¼ºÀ̸§À» ½á¼ °ªÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. Sound_aboji.nx¶ó°í Çϸé Sound_abojiÀÇ Ç¥º»¼ö¸¦ ¸»Çϰí, 1/Sound_aboji.dx´Â Ç¥º»¼Óµµ¸¦ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ·¸°Ô Ȱ¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¼Ó¼ºµéÀ» Àû¾îº»´Ù.
xmin À½¼º, ÇÇÄ¡, Æ÷¸ÕÆ®, ½ºÆåÆ®·Î±×·¥, °µµ, ¿Í¿ì°üµµ, ¹èÀ½°´Ã¼ µî¿¡¼´Â óÀ½ ½Ã°£°ªÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»°í, ½ºÆåÆ®·³ °´Ã¼¿¡¼´Â ÃÖÀúÁ֯ļö¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù.
xmax À½¼º, ÇÇÄ¡, Æ÷¸ÕÆ®, ½ºÆåÆ®·Î±×·¥, °µµ, ¿Í¿ì°üµµ, ¹èÀ½°´Ã¼ µî¿¡¼´Â ¸¶Áö¸· ½Ã°£°ªÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»°í, ½ºÆåÆ®·³ °´Ã¼¿¡¼´Â ÃÖ´ëÁ֯ļö¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù.
ncol Çà·Ä, ½Ç¼öÇ¥, Ç¥ µîÀÇ ¿¼ö¸¦ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.
nrow Çà·Ä, ½Ç¼öÇ¥, Ç¥ µîÀÇ Çà¼ö¸¦ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.
nx À½¼º¿¡¼´Â »ùÇüö, ÇÇÄ¡, Æ÷¸ÕÆ®, ½ºÆåÆ®·Î±×·¥, °µµ, ¹èÀ½°´Ã¼¿¡¼´Â ºÐ¼®ÇÁ·¹ÀÓ¼ö, ½ºÆåÆ®·³¿¡¼´Â Á֯ļö ÀúÀå °³¼ö, Çà·Ä¿¡¼´Â xÃàÀÇ Â÷¿ø¼ö¸¦ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.
dx À½¼º¿¡¼´Â Ç¥º»Áֱ⸦ ÃÊ´ÜÀ§·Î ³ªÅ¸³»°í, ÇÇÄ¡, Æ÷¸ÕÆ®, ½ºÆåÆ®·Î±×·¥, °µµ, ¹èÀ½°´Ã¼¿¡¼´Â ºÐ¼®ÇÁ·¹ÀÓ »çÀÌÀÇ °£°Ý½Ã°£, ½ºÆåÆ®·³¿¡¼´Â Á֯ļö´ë¿ª, Çà·Ä¿¡¼´Â ÀÚ·á»çÀÌÀÇ ¼öÆò°£°ÝÀ» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.
ymin ½ºÆåÆ®·Î±×·¥°ú ¿Í¿ì°üµµÀÇ ÃÖÀúÁ֯ļö¸¦, Çà·Ä¿¡¼´Â yÂ÷¿øÀÇ ¸Ç ¹Ø °ªÀ» ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù.
ymax ½ºÆåÆ®·Î±×·¥°ú ¿Í¿ì°üµµÀÇ ÃÖ°íÁ֯ļö¸¦, Çà·Ä¿¡¼´Â yÂ÷¿øÀÇ ¸Ç À§ °ªÀ» ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù.
ny ½ºÆåÆ®·Î±×·¥, ¿Í¿ì°üµµ¿¡¼´Â Á֯ļö´ëÀÇ ¼ö¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»°í, ½ºÆåÆ®·³¿¡¼´Â Ç×»ó 2°³°¡ µÇ´Âµ¥, ù ¹øÂ° ÁÙÀº ½Ç¼öºÎ, µÎ ¹øÂ° ÁÙÀº Çã¼öºÎ¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. Çà·Ä¿¡¼´Â xÃàÀÇ ¿¼ö¸¦ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.
dy ½ºÆåÆ®·Î±×·¥¿¡¼´Â ÀÌ¿ôÇÏ´Â Á֯ļö´ëÀÇ °Å¸®¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»°í, ¿Í¿ì°üµµ¿¡¼´Â ÀÌ¿ôÇÏ´Â Á֯ļö´ëÀÇ °Å¸®, Çà·Ä¿¡¼´Â ÀÚ·á»çÀÌÀÇ ¼öÁ÷ ¿»çÀÌÀÇ °Å¸®¸¦ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.
±×¸² 2.13 ºø±ÝÄ£ »ç¼±ÀÇ ÆÄÇü ¸¸µé±â
¸¸¾à ºø±ÝÄ£ »ç¼±À» ±×¸®·Á¸é Create sound...´ÙÀ½¿¡ ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ °ø½ÄÀ» ÀÔ·ÂÇÏ¸é ±×¸² 2.13°ú °°Àº À½¼ºÀÌ »ý±ä´Ù.
(x-xmin)/(xmax-xmin)
¸¸¾à À½¼ºÀ» °´Ã¼Ã¢ÀÇ À½¼ºÀ» ¼±ÅÃÇÏ°í ºÐ¼®´ÜÃß °¡¿îµ¥ Modify¸¦ Ŭ¸¯Çϰí Formula¶õ¿¡ self*20^(-(x-xmin)/(xmax-xmin))À» ÀÔ·ÂÇϸé ÇØ´ç À½¼ºÀÇ Å©±â°¡ Áö¼öÇÔ¼ö·Î ¼¼È÷ ÁÙ¾îµå´Â À½¼ºÀÌ µÈ´Ù. À½¼ºÀÇ ³¡ºÎºÐÀ» ¼¼È÷ ÁÙÀ̴µ¥ »ç¿ëÇÏ¸é Æí¸®ÇÏ´Ù.
½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¿¡¼ ÀÌ·± ¿¹¾à¿ë¾î¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¸é °è»êÀÌ ÈξÀ »¡¶óÁø´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, ¾î¶² Çà·ÄÀڷḦ ºø±Ý¸ð¾çÀ¸·Î ´õÇϱâÀ§ÇØ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ¿¹¾à¿ë¾î¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ ¸¸µé ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
sumDiagonal=0
for I to Matrix_hello.ncol
sumDiagonal+=Matrix_hello[i,i]
endfor
echo The sum is 'sumDiagonal'
À̰ÍÀ» QueryÀÇ ¸Þ´º±â´ÉÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¾µ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
select Matrix hello
sumDiagonal=0
ncol=Get number of columns
for i to ncol
value=Get value in cell... i i
sumDiagonal+=value
endfor
echo The sum is 'sumDiagonal'.
2.14 °è»ê¼øÀ§
½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¿¡¼ÀÇ °è»ê ¼ø¼´Â °ö¼À, ³ª´°¼À, div, mod µîÀÌ ¸ÕÀú °è»êµÇ°í ´ÙÀ½À¸·Î ´õÇϱ⠻©±â µîÀÌ ½ÇÇàµÇ´Âµ¥, ¸¸¾à ÀÌ ¼ø¼º¸´Ù ´õ »¡¸® °è»êÇÏ·Á¸é ( )¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ¹¾îÁØ´Ù. °ø½Ä¿¡¼ °è»êµÇ´Â ¼ø¼´Â ¿ÞÂÊ¿¡¼ ¿À¸¥ÂÊÀ¸·Î Â÷·Ê·Î ÁøÇàµÇ°í ¿¬»êÀÚ »çÀÌÀÇ ºóÄÀº ¹«½ÃÇÑ´Ù. ¸î °¡Áö ¿¹¸¦ µé¾îº¸ÀÚ.
1/4*5-->1.25
1/(4*5)-->0.05
34 div 5 -->30 (³ª¸ÓÁö´Â ¹«½ÃÇÏ°í °è»êµÈ Á¤¼ö°ª¸¸ Ç¥½Ã)
34 mod 5 -->4 (°è»ê°ªÀº ¹«½ÃÇÏ°í ³ª¸ÓÁö¸¸ Ç¥½Ã)
-34 mod 5 -->1
5+7*8 -->61
(5+7)*8 -->96
9+9/3+6 -->18
(9+9)/(3+6) -->2
5+7=10 -->0
5+7=12 -->1
5+7<>12 -->0
5+7>=12 -->1
5+7<=12 -->1
¹®ÀÚ¿ÀÇ °è»êÀº ¹®ÀÚ¿ÀÇ Ã¹ ±ÛÀÚ°¡ ¾Æ½ºÅ° ¹®ÀÚÀÇ ¼ø¼¿¡¼ ¾ÕÀΰ¡ µÚÀΰ¡¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»¾îÁØ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, a$<b$¶ó¸é a$¿¡ bookÀÌ ´ëÀԵǾî ÀÖ°í b$¿¡ appleÀÌ ´ëÀԵǾî ÀÖ´Ù¸é Á¤º¸Ã¢¿¡ 1À̶õ ¼ýÀÚ¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. ´ÙÀ½ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇØº¸ÀÚ.
clearinfo
a$="book"
b$="apple"
output=a$<b$
print 'output'
2.15 Á¶°ÇÀý
½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ ¸¸µé´Ùº¸¸é ¾î¶² Á¶°ÇÀ» ¸¸Á·ÇÒ ¶§ ½ÇÇàÇÏ°í ¸¸Á·ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¶§´Â °Ç³Ê¶Ù°Ô ÇÏ´Â Á¶°ÇÀýÀ» ¸¸µé¾î¾ßÇÒ ¶§°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, ÇÇÄ¡ °ª(f0)ÀÌ 0º¸´Ù Å©¸é "voiced"(À¯¼ºÀ½)À̶ó Á¤º¸Ã¢¿¡ ÀμâÇϰí 0ÀÌÇÏÀ̸é "unvoiced"(¹«¼ºÀ½)À̶ó Àμâ½ÃŰ·Á¸é ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ ¸¸µé¸é µÈ´Ù.
if 'f0'>0
print "voiced"
else
print "unvoiced"
endif
ÀÌ ¶§ Á¶°ÇÀÌ ¼¼ °³ ÀÌ»óÀÌ µÇ¸é elsif¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù. elsif¸¦ elif·Î ³ªÅ¸³»µµ µÈ´Ù.
clearinfo
counter=6
if counter<=3
print "counter is <=3"
elsif counter<=5
print "counter is <=5"
else
print "counter is <=7"
endif
À§ÀÇ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇϸé Á¤º¸Ã¢¿¡ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³´Ù.
"counter is <=7"
¸¸¾à ´ëÈâ¿¡ °ø½ÄÀ¸·Î ÀÔ·ÂÇÏ·Á¸é if...then...else...fi·Î »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, 0.3ÀÌ»óÀÌ µÇ´Â ÁøÆø°ªÀ» °¡Áö´Â Ç¥º»À» ¸ðµÎ 0.3À¸·Î Àß¶óÁÖ´Â ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù.
if abs(self)>0.3 then if self>0 then 0.3 else -0.3 fi else self fi
2.16 µÇÇ®ÀÌ ÀÛ¾÷¹®
ÇÁ¶óÆ® ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¿¡¼ µÇÇ®ÀÌ ÀÛ¾÷À» ÇÒ ¶§´Â for¿Í repeat, whileÀÇ ¼¼ °¡Áö Á¤ÇØÁø ¹æ½ÄÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ¸ÕÀú for±¸¹®À» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¸é ¾Æ·¡¿Í °°ÀÌ Ç¥ÇöµÈ´Ù.
for º¯¼ö from ½ÃÀÛ°ª to Á¾·á°ª
print 'º¯¼ö'
endfor
¿©±â¼ ÁöÁ¤µÈ º¯¼ö °ªÀÌ ½ÃÀÛ °ªºÎÅÍ 1¾¿ Áõ°¡ÇÏ¸é¼ Á¾·á °ªÀÌ µÉ ¶§±îÁö Â÷·Ê·Î µÇÇ®À̵ȴÙ. ´ÙÀ½ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇϸé Á¤º¸Ã¢¿¡ 10°³ÀÇ ¼ýÀÚ¸¦ ¿¬À̾î Ç¥½ÃÇÑ´Ù.
clearinfo
for i from 1 to 10
print 'i'
endfor
¿©±â¼ ½ÃÀÛ°ªÀÌ 1ºÎÅÍ ½ÃÀÛµÈ´Ù¸é ¾Æ·¡¿Í °°ÀÌ from ½ÃÀÛ°ªÀ» »ý·«Çصµ °°Àº °á°ú¸¦ º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù.
clearinfo
for i to 10
print 'i'
endfor
ÇÁ¶óÆ®¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ÀÏÁ¤ÇÑ °£°ÝÀ¸·Î ÇÑ ´Ü¾î¸¦ µé·ÁÁÖ°í ´äÀ» Ç¥½ÃÇϰųª µû¶óÇÒ ½Ã°£À» ÁØ ´ÙÀ½ µÎ ¹øÂ° ´Ü¾î¸¦ µé·ÁÁÖ´Â °æ¿ì¸¦ »ý°¢ÇØ º¸ÀÚ. ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀ¸·Î 10°¡Áö ¸ñ¼Ò¸® °¡¿îµ¥ ¸ðµ¨°ú °°Àº °ÍÀÌ ¾î´À °ÍÀÎÁö µéÀ¸¸é¼ ´äÁö¿¡ Ç¥½ÃÇÑ´Ù°í °¡Á¤Çغ¸ÀÚ. ¿ì¼±, »ç¿ëÀÚÀÇ Çϵåµð½ºÅ©¿¡ 1¡10±îÁö "ÀÏ, ÀÌ...½Ê"À̶ó´Â ¼Ò¸®·Î ÆÄÀÏÀ» ¸¸µé¾î µÎ°í, ¸ðµ¨ÀÌ µÇ´Â »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¸ñ¼Ò¸®´Â modelÀ̶ó´Â À̸§À¸·Î À½¼ºÀ» ÀúÀåÇϰí, ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¸ñ¼Ò¸®¸¦ ¿ °³ ³ìÀ½ÇÏ¿© °¢°¢ 90¹øºÎÅÍ 99¹ø±îÁö ¹øÈ£¸¦ ¸Å°Ü ÀúÀåÇØµÐ´Ù. ¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î, ¾à 1ÃʱæÀÌÀÇ ¹¬À½ ÆÄÀÏÀ» ¸¸µé¾î silence¶ó°í À̸§ºÙÀ̰í, ¾à 3ÃʱæÀÌÀÇ ¹¬À½ÆÄÀÏÀ» ¸¸µé¾î respond·Î ÀúÀåÇÑ´Ù. ½ÇÇèÀº 'ÀÏ', ¸ðµ¨¸ñ¼Ò¸®, 1ÃÊ ¹¬À½, ºñ±³ÇϰíÀÚÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¸ñ¼Ò¸®, ´ä¾ÈÁö¿¡ ¾²´Â ½Ã°£À» ÁÖ´Â 3ÃÊ ¹¬À½ÀÇ ¼ø¼·Î ÁøÇàµÇ°í À̰ÍÀÌ °è¼Ó µÇÇ®ÀÌ µÇ°Ô ÇÑ´Ù°í º¸¸é ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®·Î ÁøÇàÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
<Listeningtest.sk>
for i from 1 to 10
Read from file... C:\Praat\sounds\'i'
endfor
for j from 91 to 100
Read from file... C:\Praat\sounds\'j'
endfor
Read from file... C:\Praat\sounds\model
Read from file... C:\Praat\sounds\silence
Read from file... C:\Praat\sounds\respond
select Sound 1
Play
select Sound model
Play
select Sound silence
Play
select Sound 91
Play
select Sound respond
Play
select Sound 2
Play
select Sound model
Play
select Sound silence
Play
select Sound 92
Play
select Sound respond
Play
<ÀÌÇÏ »ý·«>
À§ÀÇ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ °³¼ö¸¸Å ¾²·Á¸é ¸Å¿ì º¹ÀâÇÏ°í ¹ø°Å·Ó´Ù. À̸¦ º¸´Ù ´õ °£´ÜÇÏ°Ô µÇÇ®ÀÌ ±¸¹®À¸·Î ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¸é ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ÁÙÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
<Listeningtestshort.sk>
for i from 1 to 10
Read from file... C:\Praat\sounds\'i'
endfor
for j from 91 to 100
Read from file... C:\Praat\sounds\'j'
endfor
Read from file... C:\Praat\sounds\model
Read from file... C:\Praat\sounds\silence
Read from file... C:\Praat\sounds\respond
for k from 1 to 10
select Sound 'k'
Play
select Sound model
Play
select Sound silence
Play
select Sound 'k'+90
Play
select Sound respond
Play
endfor
º¯¼ö °ªÀº ÈçÈ÷ µÇÇ®ÀÌ ÀÛ¾÷ ±¸¹®¿¡¼ ÆÄÀÏ À̸§À̳ª ´Ù¸¥ 󸮿¡ »ç¿ëµÇ´Âµ¥ ÀÌ °ªÀ» 1¾¿ °¨¼Ò½ÃŰ·Á¸é {Á¾·á °ª-º¯¼ö °ª}À» ÇØµÎ¸é µÈ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, À½¼ºÆÄÇü a.aifc¸¦ °´Ã¼Ã¢¿¡ ºÒ·¯¿Í 0.005Ãʸ¶´Ù À½¼ºÆÄÇüÀÇ ÁøÆø °ªÀ» 20°³ Á¤º¸Ã¢¿¡ ÀμâÇÏ°í °´Ã¼Ã¢¿¡¼ Á¦°Å(Remove)ÇÏ·Á¸é ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ Ã³¸®ÇÑ´Ù.
Read from file... C:\Praat\sounds\a.aifc
clearinfo
for i from 1 to 20
timepoint=i*0.005
db=Get value at time... 'timepoint' Sinc70
print 'timepoint:2''tab$''db:3''newline$'
endfor
Remove
ÀÌ °úÁ¤À» repeat¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ó¸®ÇÑ´Ù¸é ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³¾ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
Read from file... C:\Praat\sounds\a.aifc
clearinfo
i=1
repeat
timepoint=i*0.005
db=Get value at time... 'timepoint' Sinc70
print 'tab$''timepoint:2''tab$''db:3''newline$'
i=i+1
until i=21
Remove
ÀÌ ¶§ Á¶°ÇÀýÀÇ untilÀÇ ¼ýÀÚ¸¦ 21·Î ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é 19¹øÂ° ÁöÁ¡±îÁö¸¸ ½ÇÇàµÇ°í ³¡³ª°Ô µÊÀ» À¯ÀÇÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¾ó¸¶³ª ½ÃÇàµÇ¾ú´ÂÁö Á¤º¸Ã¢¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³»¾î º¸·Á¸é i¿¡ 20À» ³Ö°í Á¤º¸Ã¢¿¡ ÀμâµÈ i°ªÀ» È®ÀÎÇØº¸±â ¹Ù¶õ´Ù. ÀÌ·¸°Ô ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®ÀÇ ½ÇÇàÀÌ ¾îµð±îÁö ÁøÇàµÇ¾ú´ÂÁö ÀÏÁ¾ÀÇ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ ÁøÇà ÃßÀû(Debugging)±â´ÉÀ» ³ÖÀ¸·Á¸é Áß°£ Áß°£¸¶´Ù print 'º¯¼ö°ª'ÇÏ¿© È®ÀÎÇØ º¸¸é µÈ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¸¶Áö¸·¿¡¼ µÎ ¹øÂ° ÁÙÀÇ i=i+1·Î ¼ýÀÚ°¡ Çϳª¾¿ ´õÇØÁö´Â ºÎºÐÀ» »ý·«ÇÏ¸é ¹«ÇÑÀ¸·Î µ¿ÀÛÀÌ °è¼ÓµÇ¹Ç·Î ÁÖÀÇÇØ¾ßÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ ¶§´Â Control+Alt+Delete ۸¦ µ¿½Ã¿¡ ´·¯ [ÇØ´ç ÀÛ¾÷Á¾·á]¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇϰí ÇÁ¶óÆ®¸¦ Á¾·áÇÑ µÚ Windowsȸ鿡¼ ´Ù½Ã ½ÃÀÛÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ µÇÇ®ÀÌ ÀÛ¾÷À¸·Î´Â ÀÌ¿Í °°ÀÌ ³¡ ºÎºÐ¿¡ Á¶°ÇÀ» ºÙÀÌÁö ¾Ê°í ½ÃÀÛ ºÎºÐ¿¡ Á¶°ÇÀ» ºÙ¿© ¸¸Á·ÇÒ ¶§±îÁö µÇÇ®ÀÌÇØ¼ ÀÛ¾÷À» ÇÏ´Â while±¸¹®ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. À§ÀÇ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ while·Î ó¸®Çغ¸¸é ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù.
Read from file... C:\Praat\sounds\a.aifc
clearinfo
i=1
while i<21
timepoint=i*0.005
db=Get value at time... 'timepoint' Sinc70
print 'i''tab$''timepoint:2''tab$''db:3''newline$'
i=i+1
endwhile
Remove
´ÙÀ½ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®´Â ¼ýÀÚ°ªÀ» ÀÏÁ¤ÇÑ ¹üÀ§ ¾È(0;2Ր)¿¡ µé¾î°¡µµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù.
while x<0
x=x+2*pi
endwhile
while x>=2*pi
x=x-2*pi
endwhile
ÀÌ ±â´ÉÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇϸé À½¼ºÆÄÇüÀÇ ÃÖ´ë°ªÀ» ±¸ÇÏ¿© ±âÁذª(1)¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ºñÀ²°ªÀ» °öÇÏ¿© ¸ðµÎ º¯È¯½ÃŰ´Â Á¤±ÔÈ(normalize)¸¦ ½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
2.17 °³º°Ã³¸®(Procedures)
ÇÁ¶óÆ® ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¿¡´Â °³º°Ã³¸®(Procedures)¶ó´Â ±â´ÉÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. À̰ÍÀº º£À̽ÄÀ̳ª ÀÏ¹Ý ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥¿¡¼ ¼ºê·çƾÀ» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ½ºÅ©¸³Æ® ¾È¿¡¼ ÀÚÁÖ µÇÇ®ÀÌ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ºÎºÐÀ» Á¤ÀÇÇϰí ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °÷¿¡¼ ¸î ¹øÀÌ°í ºÒ·¯³¾ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Æí¸®ÇÑ ÀåÄ¡´Ù. ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ ¾µ ¶§ µÇÇ®À̵Ǵ ºÎºÐÀÌ ¿©±âÀú±â¿¡ ¹Ýº¹µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù¸é ¸Å¿ì ÁöÀúºÐÇÏ°í ¸íÈ®ÇÑ °³³äÀ» ÆÄ¾ÇÇϱ⠾î·Á¿ï °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¼¼ °³ÀÇ Á¤ÇöÆÄ¸¦ ¸¸µé¾î Àç»ý(Play)ÇÑ µÚ °´Ã¼Ã¢¿¡¼ Á¦°Å(Remove)ÇÏ´Â ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ °¡Á¤Çغ¸ÀÚ.
Create Sound... sinename 0 1 22050 1/2 * sin(2*pi*1000*x)
Play
Remove
Create Sound... sinename 0 1 22050 1/2 * sin(2*pi*2000*x)
Play
Remove
Create Sound... sinename 0 1 22050 1/2 * sin(2*pi*3000*x)
Play
Remove
À§ÀÇ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¿¡¼ Play/Remove´Â µÇÇ®ÀÌ µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. À̰ÍÀ» °³º°Ã³¸®·Î ¸¸µé¸é ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ Ç¥ÇöÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
procedure playremove
Play
Remove
endproc
ÀÌ·¸°Ô Çϸé À§ÀÇ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³¾ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
Create Sound... sinename 0 1 22050 1/2 * sin(2*pi*1000*x)
call playremove
Create Sound... sinename 0 1 22050 1/2 * sin(2*pi*2000*x)
call playremove
Create Sound... sinename 0 1 22050 1/2 * sin(2*pi*3000*x)
call playremove
procedure playremove
Play
Remove
endproc
¹°·Ð ¿©±â¼ Á¤ÇöÆÄ¸¦ »ý¼ºÇÏ´Â ºÎºÐµµ µÇÇ®À̵Ǿî ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î º¯¼ö¸¦ ¹Þ´Â °³º°Ã³¸®·Î ¸¸µé ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
procedure playsine frequency
Create Sound... sinename 0 1 22050 1/2 * sin(2*pi*frequency*x)
endproc
°³º°Ã³¸® ¾È¿¡¼µµ ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ °³º°Ã³¸®¸¦ ºÒ·¯¿Ã ¼ö Àִµ¥, À̰ÍÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ µÎ °³ÀÇ °³º°Ã³¸®·Î ±¸¼ºµÈ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ ¸¸µé¸é ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù.
call playsine 1000
call playsine 2000
call playsine 3000
procedure playsine frequency
Create Sound... sinename 0 1 22050 1/2 * sin(2*pi*frequency*x)
call playremove
endproc
procedure playremove
Play
Remove
endproc
¹°·Ð ¾Õ¼ ³ªÅ¸³½ µÇÇ®ÀÌÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀÌ °¡Àå °£·«Çϰí ÁÁÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. °¡´ÉÇϸé ÀÌ·± µÇÇ®À̵Ǵ ºÎºÐÀº °³º°Ã³¸®·Î ºÐ¸®ÇÏ¿© ¿©·¯ °÷¿¡¼ ºÒ·¯¿À°Å³ª ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÇ ¶óÀ̺귯¸®¿Í °°ÀÌ ÀÌ¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
°³º°Ã³¸® º¯¼ö¿¡ ÇØ´çÇÏ´Â °ªÀÌ ¹Ýµå½Ã ¼ýÀÚ°ªÀÏ ÇÊ¿ä´Â ¾ø´Ù. ¹®ÀÚ¿À» ¹Þ¾Æ¼ À̰ÍÀ» Á¶ÇÕÇÏ¿© À½¼ººÐ¼®¿¡ Ȱ¿ëÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ¿©±â¼´Â ¿ì¼± ¹®ÀÚ¿À» Á¤º¸Ã¢¿¡ ÀμâÇϴ ó¸®°úÁ¤À» Çϳª·Î ¸¸µé¾î »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ¹ýÀ» º¸ÀδÙ. ¹®ÀÚ¿ °¡¿îµ¥ ºóÄÀÌ ÀÖ´Â °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ¾çÂÊ¿¡ °ãµû¿ÈÇ¥¸¦ ºÙ¿©¾ßÇÑ´Ù. ¸¶Áö¸·ÀÇ ¹®ÀÚ¿Àº °ãµû¿ÈÇ¥ ¾øÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³»µµ ÇϳªÀÇ º¯¼ö·Î ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÌ°Ô µÈ´Ù.
call printcolor red blue "navy blue" sky blue
procedure printcolor color1$ color2$ color3$
echo This prints colors:
printline Color1 'color1$'
printline Color2 'color2$'
printline Color3 'color3$'
endproc
½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ ÀÛ¼ºÇÒ ¶§ ¹®ÀÚ¿Í ¼ýÀÚ°¡ ÇÕÃÄÁø º¯¼ö À̸§À» ÁöÁ¤ÇÏ¿© ±× À̸§À» »ç¿ëÇØ¾ßÇÒ °æ¿ì°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, formant1, formant2, formant3...formant5¿Í °°ÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³»°í À̸¦ º¯¼ö·Î ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ÀÛ¾÷À» ÇÒ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ÀÛ¼ºÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
for i from 1 to 5
formant'i'=Get value at time... i 'timepoint' Hertz Linear
endfor
À§ÀÇ µÇÇ®ÀÌ ÀÛ¾÷À» ½ÇÇàÇϸé formant1, formant2, formant3...formant5¿¡ °¢°¢ÀÇ Æ÷¸ÕÆ® °ªµéÀÌ ÀԷµǾîÁø´Ù. ÀÌ ¶§ À妽º°¡ µÇ´Â 'i'ÀÇ °ªµµ º¯¼öÀÏ ¶§´Â ÀÓÀÇÀÇ º¯¼ö¸¦ ³Ö¾î¼ ±× º¯¼ö°ªÀ» Á¤º¸Ã¢¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³»´Âµ¥ ÀÌ¿ëÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
for i from 1 to 5
formant'i'=Get value at time... i 'timepoint' Hertz Linear
formantvalue= formant'i'
printline Formant 'i' is 'formantvalue'
endfor
ÀÌ ±â´ÉÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ÇØ´ç ½Ã°£Á¡ÀÇ ¾Õ µÚ 10°³ Á¤µµÀÇ Æ÷¸ÕÆ® °ªµéÀÇ Æò±ÕÀ̳ª Ç¥ÁØÆíÂ÷ µîÀ» ±¸Çϰí À̸¦ Æò±ÕÇÏ¿© ÇØ´ç ½Ã°£Á¡ÀÇ °ªÀ¸·Î ÁöÁ¤ÇÒ ¶§ Æí¸®ÇÏ´Ù. ¸¸¾à ´õ ¸¹Àº ¼öÀÇ ¹®ÀÚ¿Í ¼ýÀÚ°¡ ÇÕÃÄÁø º¯¼ö¸¦ ±¸ÇÏ¿© ó¸®ÇÏ·Á¸é Çà·Ä(Matrix)¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ´Ù.
2.18 ½ºÅ©¸³Æ® ¾È¿¡¼ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ ºÒ·¯¿À±â
½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ ÀÛ¼ºÇÑ µÚ ¸¸¾à Çϵåµð½ºÅ©ÀÇ °°Àº Æú´õ ¾È¿¡ ÀúÀåµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®´Â {include ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®À̸§}À» ÀÌ¿ëÇØ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¸¸¾à, product.sk¶ó´Â À̸§ÀÇ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®°¡ x=x*x·Î Á¤ÀǵǾî ÀÖ´Ù¸é ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇÏ¿©
x=10
include product.sk
printline 'x'
100À̶õ °ªÀ» Á¤º¸Ã¢¿¡ ÀμâÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀÌ °úÁ¤¿¡¼ Æ÷ÇÔÇÒ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®ÀÇ À̸§À» ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ º¯¼ö·Î Á¤ÀÇÇÏ¿© ÀÛ¾÷ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.
name$="product.sk"
include 'name$'
2.19 ÀÛ¾÷³¡³»±â
½ºÅ©¸³Æ® ÀÛ¾÷ °¡¿îµ¥ »ç¿ëÀÚ¿¡°Ô ¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¦ º¸³»Áö ¾Ê°í ³¡³ª°Ô ÇÏ·Á¸é exitÀ̶õ ´Ü¾î¸¦ ³ÖÀ¸¸é µÈ´Ù. ÀÌ ¶§ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ® ÀÛ¾÷¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ÁÖ¾îÁø ÆÄ¶ó¹ÌÅÍÀÇ °ªµéÀº ¸ðµÎ »ç¶óÁø´Ù. ÆÄ¶ó¹ÌÅÍÀÇ °ªÀ» ±×´ë·Î º¸Á¸ÇÑ Ã¤ »ç¿ëÀÚ¿¡°Ô ¿À·ù ¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¦ º¸³»¸é¼ ÀÛ¾÷À» Áß´ÜÇÏ°í ½ÍÀ¸¸é {exit error-message}·Î ÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù.
clearinfo
call calculator 3 5
error$="Error here"
print 'add''tab$''multiple'
exit 'error$'
procedure calculator x y
add=x+y
multiple=x*y
endproc
ÀÌ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇÏ¸é ±×¸² 2.14¿Í °°ÀÌ 8, 15 ¶ó´Â °è»ê °ªÀ» Á¦½ÃÇϰí´Â "Error here"¶ó´Â ¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¦ â¿¡ Á¦½ÃÇÏ°í ´õ ÀÌ»ó ½ÇÇàÀÌ µÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ±ä ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ ¸¸µç µÚ, ³¡±îÁö ½ÇÇàÇϴµ¥ ½Ã°£ÀÌ ¸¹ÀÌ °É¸± ¶§ Áß°£ ºÎºÐ±îÁö¸¸ ½ÇÇàÇÏ°í °á°ú¸¦ È®ÀÎÇØ º¼ °æ¿ì¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÏ¸é Æí¸®ÇÏ´Ù.
±×¸² 2.14 ¿À·ùÁ¤º¸ Ç¥½Ã Á¤º¸Ã¢
2.20 ÀÔ·Â Æû(Form)
½ºÅ©¸³Æ®ÀÇ formÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¸é »ç¿ëÀÚ¿¡°Ô ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ¼ýÀÚ³ª ¹®ÀÚ¸¦ ÀÔ·ÂÇϵµ·Ï ¿ä±¸ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, ´ÙÀ½ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®´Â ÆÄÀÏ À̸§À» ºÒ·¯¿À°í ¼ýÀÚ¸¦ ÁöÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù.
clearinfo
form Tell me your foldername, filename and number.
word foldername vowels
word filename vowel_a
integer number 9
endform
echo 'foldername $' 'tab$' 'filename$' 'tab$' 'number'
À§ÀÇ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇϸé 2.15¿Í °°Àº ´ëÈâÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³ª°í OK´ÜÃ߸¦ ´©¸£¸é Á¤º¸Ã¢¿¡ [ vowels vowel_a 9]·Î ÀμâµÈ´Ù. ¿©±â¿¡¼ echo´ë½Å¿¡ printlineÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¸é ¿¡·¯°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÑ´Ù. form¿¡ ÀÔ·ÂµÈ ¹®ÀÚ¿Àº ÇØ´çµÇ´Â º¯¼öÀ̸§¿¡ ´ëÀԵDZ⠶§¹®¿¡ ´ÙÀ½¿¡ ¿¬°áµÇ´Â ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¿¡¼ Ȱ¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
±×¸² 2.15 form ÆÄ¶ó¹ÌÅÍ ÀÔ·Â ´ëÈâ
ÀÌ ¶§ form ´ÙÀ½¿¡ ¿À´Â ¹®ÀåÀº ¾î¶² ¿ëµµÀÎÁö ´ëÈâ¿¡ ÀμâµÇ´Â ¼³¸íÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»°í ±× ´ÙÀ½ ÁÙ¿¡ ¿Ã ¼ö Àִ ǥÇöÀº {¿¹¾à¾î º¯¼öÀ̸§ ±âº» °ª}ÀÇ ¼ø¼·Î Á¦½ÃµÈ´Ù. ¿¹¾à¾î·Î´Â real(½Ç¼ö), positive(¾çÀÇ Á¤¼ö) natural(¾çÀÇ ÀÚ¿¬¼ö), word(ºóÄÀÌ ¾øÀÌ ¿¬¼ÓµÈ ´Ü¾î), sentence(ªÀº ¹®ÀÚ¿), text(±ä ¹®ÀÚ¿), boolean(üũ¹Ú½º·Î 0°ú 1ÀÇ °ªÀ» °¡Áø´Ù), choice(1 ÀÌ»óÀÇ ¼±Åà °ªÀ» °¡Áø´Ù.), button(¶óµð¿À ´ÜÃß) comment(¼³¸í¹®)°¡ ¿Ã ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. sentence¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¶§´Â ´Ü¾î »çÀÌ¿¡ »ý±â´Â ºóÄÀ» ¹ØÁÙ(_)·Î ¿¬°áÇÏ¸é ÆÄÀÏÀ̸§¿¡¼´Â ºóÄÀ¸·Î 󸮵ǹǷΠÆí¸®ÇÏ´Ù. endform ¾Æ·¡¿¡ form¾È¿¡¼ Á¤ÀÇµÈ º¯¼ö À̸§À» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© Çϵåµð½ºÅ©¿¡ ÀúÀåÇÒ ÆÄÀÏÀ̸§À¸·Î »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. À§ÀÇ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¿¡¼´Â foldernameÄ¿¡ ÀÔ·ÂµÈ ÆÄÀÏÀ̸§À» ºóÄÀÌ ¾øÀÌ ¿¬¼ÓµÈ ÇÑ ´Ü¾î·Î ¹Þ¾Æµé¿© foldernameÀ̶ó´Â º¯¼ö¿¡ ´ëÀÔÇØÁÖ°í, ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î filenameÄ¿¡ ÀÔ·ÂµÈ ÆÄÀÏÀ̸§À» ºóÄÀÌ ¾øÀÌ ¿¬¼ÓµÈ ÇÑ ´Ü¾î·Î ¹Þ¾Æµé¿© filenameÀ̶ó´Â º¯¼ö¿¡ ´ëÀÔÇØÁØ´Ù. ¼¼ ¹øÂ° ÁÙÀÇ integer´Â ºóÄ¿¡ µé¾î¿Â ¼ýÀÚ¸¦ Á¤¼ö°ªÀ¸·Î number¶õ º¯¼ö¿¡ ´ëÀÔÇØÁØ´Ù. ±âº»°ªÀÎ 9¸¦ Ç¥½ÃÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é ºóÄÀ¸·Î ´ëÈâÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³ª´Âµ¥ ¸¸ÀÏ Á¤¼ö¸¦ ÀÔ·ÂÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é ´ëÈâÀÇ OK´ÜÃ߸¦ ´·¶À» ¶§ ¿¡·¯¸Þ½ÃÁö°¡ ¶ß°Ô µÈ´Ù.
´ÙÀ½Àº ´ÜÃß±â´ÉÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇØ¼ ¼±ÅÃÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ´Â ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®ÀÌ´Ù.
form fill color pattern
comment Choose any color and texture for a wonderful output.
choice Color: 3
button Sea green
button Navy blue
button red
choice Texture: 1
button Smooth
button Rough
button With holes
endform
echo You chose the color 'color$' and texture 'texture$'
ÀÌ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇÏ¸é ±×¸² 2.16°ú °°Àº ´ëÈâÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³ª°í Á¤º¸Ã¢¿¡´Â You chose the color red and texture Smooth·Î Ç¥½ÃµÈ´Ù. ÀÌ·¸°Ô ¼±ÅÃµÈ º¯¼ö°ªÀº °¢°¢ color$¿Í texture$¿¡ ´ëÀԵȴÙ.
±×¸² 2.16 »ö±ò ¼±Åà ´ëÈâ ¸¸µé±â
¶ÇÇÑ ¿¬¼ÓµÈ µÎ °³ÀÇ ÄÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© Áö¼Ó ±â°£À» °è»êÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¸¸¾à ù ¹øÂ° °ªÀÌ µÎ ¹øÂ° °ªº¸´Ù Å©¸é ¿¡·¯¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¦ º¸ÀÌ°í ½ºÅ©¸³Æ® ½ÇÇàÀ» Áß´ÜÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
clearinfo
form Period
natural left_yearstart 1950
natural right_yearend 2004
endform
if right_yearend<=left_yearstart
exit ½ÃÀÛ°ªÀÌ ³ô¾Æ °è»êÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù.
endif
period=right_yearend -left_yearstart
echo Period is 'period' years.
À§ÀÇ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇϸé 2.17°ú °°Àº ´ëÈâÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³´Ù.
±×¸² 2.17 Áֱ⠰è»ê °ø½Ä
OK´ÜÃ߸¦ ´©¸£¸é Á¤º¸Ã¢¿¡´Â [Period is 54 years.]¶ó°í ÀμâµÈ´Ù.
¸¸¾à left_yearstart°ªÀ» 3000À¸·Î Çϰí right_yearend°ªÀ» 2004·Î µÎ¸é ±×¸² 2.18°ú °°Àº ¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¦ º¸ÀÌ°í ½ºÅ©¸³Æ® ½ÇÇàÀ» Á¾·áÇÑ´Ù.
±×¸² 2.18 ½ÇÇà ¿¡·¯ ¸Þ½ÃÁö
±× ¿Ü¿¡µµ °°Àº Æú´õ ¾È¿¡ Sinewave.praat¶ó´Â Á֯ļö(550 Hz)¿Í Áö¼Ó½Ã°£ (1.5 ÃÊ)À» ÀÔ·Â¹Þ¾Æ Àç»ýÇÏ´Â ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®°¡ µé¾îÀÖ´Ù¸é ´Ù¸¥ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¿¡¼ ÀÌ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ® ÆÄÀÏÀ» ½ÇÇàÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
execute Sinewave.praat 550 1.5
ÀÌ ¶§ ¼ýÀÚ°ªÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ ¹®ÀÚ°ªÀ» ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÏ ¶§ µÎ °³ ÀÌ»óÀÇ ´Ü¾î·Î ±¸¼ºµÈ ÇÑ º¯¼ö¸¦ ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÌ°Ô ÇÏ·Á¸é "Navy blue"¿Í °°ÀÌ °ãµû¿ÈÇ¥·Î ³ªÅ¸³»¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
2.21 Á¤º¸Ã¢¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³»±â
Á¤º¸Ã¢Àº ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇÏ¸é¼ º¯¼ö°ªµéÀÌ ¾î¶»°Ô ´ëÀԵǴÂÁö 󸮰úÁ¤ÀÌ ¾ó¸¶³ª ÁøÇàµÇ¾ú´ÂÁö¸¦ »ìÆìº¸´Âµ¥ ¸Å¿ì Æí¸®ÇÏ´Ù. ÀÌ Ã¢¿¡ ¾î¶² ±ÛÀ̳ª °æ°í¹®À» ³ªÅ¸³»·Á¸é ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ¸í·É¾î¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.
echo ¹®Àå
¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ ¸¸µç ´ÙÀ½ ½ÇÇàÇÏ¸é ±×¸² 2.19¿Í °°ÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³´Ù.
echo Now the script is running....
±×¸² 2.19 ¾È³»¹® Ãâ·Â Á¤º¸Ã¢
Á¤º¸Ã¢ÀÇ ÀڷḦ ¸ðµÎ ¾ø¾Ö´Â °ÍÀº {clearinfo}¶ó°í ÀÔ·ÂÇÑ´Ù. ¹®ÀÚ¿À» ´ÙÀ½ ÁÙ·Î ¹Ù²ÙÁö ¾Ê°í ±æ°Ô ¿¬À̾î Á¦½ÃÇÏ·Á¸é {print ¹®ÀÚ¿}À» Çϰí, {printtab}À̳ª {printline ¹®ÀÚ¿}À» Çϸé Á¤º¸Ã¢¿¡¼ ÇÑ ÁÙÀ» ¹Ù²Ù¾î ³ªÅ¸³»¾îÁØ´Ù. À̰ÍÀ» ´Ü¾î·Î´Â {'tab$'} ¶Ç´Â {'newline$'}·Î Ç¥½ÃÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù.
±×¸² 2.20 ±¸±¸´Ü Ãâ·Â Á¤º¸Ã¢
´ÙÀ½ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®´Â ±¸±¸´ÜÀ» Á¤º¸Ã¢¿¡ ±×¸² 2.20°ú °°ÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³»¾î ÁØ´Ù.
clearinfo
for i from 2 to 10
for j from 1 to 10
multiple='i'*'j'
print 'i''tab$'X'tab$''j''tab$'='multiple''newline$'
endfor
endfor
¾ÆÁÖ ±ä ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ ÀÛ¼ºÇÏ¿© 󸮽ð£ÀÌ ¿À·¡ °É¸± ¶§ ¸î ¹ø ° ±îÁö ÁøÇàµÇ°í ÀÖ´ÂÁö¸¦ Á¤º¸Ã¢¿¡ Ç¥½ÃÇÏ°í ½Í´Ù¸é ¾Æ·¡¿Í °°Àº ÁÙÀ» ´õ ÷°¡ÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù.
final=1000-'i'
print Current loop at 'i' / 'final' more loops to go
!(±ä ÀÛ¾÷ 󸮰úÁ¤ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ® »ý·«)
clearinfo
¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, 30¹øÂ° ÀÛ¾÷ÀÌ ÁøÇàµÇ°í ÀÖÀ» ¶§ Á¤º¸Ã¢¿¡ "Current loop at 30 / 970 more loops to go"°¡ ³ªÅ¸³ª°í ±× »çÀÌ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ±ä ÀÛ¾÷ 󸮰úÁ¤ÀÌ ³¡³ª¸é clearinfo¿¡ ÀÇÇØ À̰ÍÀÌ Áö¿öÁö°í "Current loop at 31 / 969 more loops to go"°¡ Ç¥½ÃµÈ´Ù. ÃÖ±ÙÀÇ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ¿¡¼´Â ÀÛ¾÷󸮰úÁ¤ÀÌ °£´ÜÇϸé Á¤º¸Ã¢ÀÇ ¼ýÀÚ°¡ ¹Ù²î´Â °ÍÀ» °ÅÀÇ ´«À¸·Î º¼ ¼ö ¾øÀ» Á¤µµ·Î »¡¸® 󸮵ȴÙ.
2.22 ¹®ÀÇ(Query)
¾î¶² À½¼ºÆÄÀÏÀ» ºÒ·¯¿Í ÁöÁ¤ÇÑ ½Ã°£Á¡ÀÇ ¼Ò¸®ÀÇ Å©±â¸¦ Á¤º¸Ã¢¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³¾ ¶§´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ ÀÛ¼ºÇÑ´Ù.
Read from file... C:\Praat\sounds\a.aifc
clearinfo
amp=Get value at time... 0.5 Sinc70
amp$=Get value at time... 0.5 Sinc70
print 'amp:3''tab$''amp$'
°á°ú--0.062 0.062017642587644292 Pascal
ÀÌ·¸°Ô ÇÏ¸é °á°ú¿¡¼ º¸µíÀÌ amp·Î¸¸ ÇÏ¸é µÚ¿¡ ¿À´Â ´ÜÀ§´Â »ý·«ÇÏ°í ¼ýÀÚ¸¸ ¹Þ´Â º¯¼ö°¡ µÇ¸ç amp$·Î ÇÏ¸é µÚ¿¡ µû¶ó¿À´Â ´ÜÀ§ÀÎ PascalÀ̶ó´Â ¹®ÀÚ¿±îÁö Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ °ªÀ» µ¹·ÁÁØ´Ù.
2.23 Çϵåµð½ºÅ©ÀÇ ÆÄÀÏ Àбâ
ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î Çϵåµð½ºÅ©¿¡ ÀúÀåµÈ ÆÄÀÏ(fileName)À» ÀÐ¾î¼ ÇÑ µ¢¾î¸®ÀÇ ¿¬¼ÓµÈ ¹®ÀÚ¿·Î º¯¼ö Çϳª¿¡ ³ÖÀ¸·Á¸é ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ Ç¥ÇöÇÑ´Ù.
text$<fileName
¿©±â¼ ÆÄÀÏÀ̸§Àº °ãµû¿ÈÇ¥¸¦ ¾²Áö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ÆÄÀÏÀÌ µð½ºÅ©¿¡ ¾øÀ¸¸é ¿¡·¯¸Þ½ÃÁö°¡ ¶ß°í ½ºÅ©¸³Æ® ½ÇÇàÀÌ ÁߴܵȴÙ.
¸¸ÀÏ ÀúÀåµÈ ÆÄÀÏ history.inf¶ó´Â ÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼ 2004³âÀ» year$¿¡ ´ëÀÔÇÏ¿© µÎ¾ú´Ù¸é, À̰ÍÀ» µû·Î ¹®ÀÚº¯¼ö·Î ºÐ¸®Çس»°í, À̰ÍÀ» ¶Ç ¼ýÀÚº¯¼ö·Î º¯ÇüÇÏ·Á¸é ¾Æ·¡¿Í °°ÀÌ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ ¾²¸é µÈ´Ù.
year$<history.inf
year='year$'
ÀÌ ¶§ ÆÄÀÏÀÌ µð½ºÅ©¿¡ ¾øÀ¸¸é ¿¡·¯¸Þ½ÃÁö°¡ ³ª¿À°í ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®°¡ ÁߴܵDZ⠶§¹®¿¡ À̰ÍÀ» ¹æÁöÇϱâÀ§ÇØ ÀÓÀÇÀÇ ±âº»°ªÀ» ºÎ¿©ÇÏ´Â ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ ¸¸µé ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½Àº history.inf¿¡ µé¾îÀÖ´Â ³âµµ Á¤º¸(2002)¸¦ ºÒ·¯³»¾î year$¶ó´Â ¹®ÀÚº¯¼ö¿¡ ³Ö°í À̰ÍÀ» ´Ù½Ã ¼ýÀÚº¯¼ö·Î º¯ÇüÇÏ¿© year¿¡ ³Ö´Â ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®ÀÌ´Ù. ¸¸¾à, history.inf°¡ Çϵåµð½ºÅ©¿¡ ¾øÀ» ¶§´Â 2004¶ó´Â ÀÓÀÇÀÇ ¼ýÀÚ¸¦ ³Ö¾îÁØ´Ù.
clearinfo
fileName$="history.inf"
if fileReadable(fileName$)
year$<history.inf
year='year$'
else
year=2004
endif
print 'year$' 'tab$' 'year'
À§¿Í °°ÀÌ ½ÇÇàÇϸé Á¤º¸Ã¢¿¡ [2002 2002]¿Í °°ÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³´Ù.
¸¸ÀÏ ºÐ¼®ÇÏ¿© º¯¼ö°ª¿¡ ³ÖÀº ÅØ½ºÆ® ¹®¼¸¦ »õ·Î¿î ÆÄÀÏÀ̸§À¸·Î ÀúÀåÇÏ·Á¸é <Ç¥½Ã¸¦ ¹Ý´ë·Î ÇÏ¿© ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ Ç¥ÇöÇÑ´Ù.
text$>fileName
¾ÕÀÇ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ® ´ÙÀ½¿¡ ¾Æ·¡¿Í °°ÀÌ ÇÑ ÁÙÀ» ´õ ³ÖÀ¸¸é Çϵåµð½ºÅ©¿¡ 2002¶õ ¼ýÀÚ°¡ newhistory.infÆÄÀÏ·Î ÀúÀåµÈ´Ù.
year$>newhistory.inf
´ÙÀ½Àº ÀÌ¿Í °°ÀÌ Çϵåµð½ºÅ©¿¡ ¿øÇÏ´Â ÆÄÀÏÀ̸§À¸·Î ÀڷḦ ÀúÀåÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» ¾Ë¾Æº»´Ù.
2.24 Çϵåµð½ºÅ©¿¡ ÆÄÀÏ ÀúÀåÇϱâ
ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î À½¼ººÐ¼®À» ÇÏ¿© ÇÊ¿äÇÑ Æ÷¸ÕÆ®³ª, ÇÇÄ¡°ª µîÀ» ¼öÁýÇÒ ¶§ Çϳª¾¿ ¸¶¿ì½º·Î Ŭ¸¯ ÇÑ °ªÀ» ±¸ÇÏ¿© ÀúÀåÇÏ·Á¸é ¾öû³ ½Ã°£ÀÌ ¼Ò¸ðµÈ´Ù. °¡´ÉÇÏ¸é ÆÄÀÏÀÔ·Â ±â´ÉÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ ÅëÇØ Çϵåµð½ºÅ©¿¡ ÀúÀåÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ´Ù. ÀúÀåµÈ °á°ú°ª ÆÄÀÏÀ» ³ªÁß¿¡ Åë°èÇÁ·Î±×·¥À̳ª ¸¶ÀÌÅ©·Î¼ÒÇÁÆ® ¿¢¼¿À» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ±×·¡ÇÁ·Î ±×¸° µÚ Æò±Õ°ú Ç¥ÁØÆíÂ÷¿¡¼ Áö³ªÄ¡°Ô ¹þ¾î³ °ªµéÀº ÀçÁ¡°ËÇÏ¸é ½Ã°£À» ¸¹ÀÌ Àý¾àÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
½ÇÁ¦ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ Çϵåµð½ºÅ©¿¡ ÆÄÀÏÀ» ÀúÀåÇÒ ¶§´Â {fileappend 'filename$'}¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ ¶§ ÀúÀåÇÒ ÆÄÀÏÀ̸§À¸·Î µÈ ÆÄÀÏÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ ÀÀ¿ëÇÁ·Î±×·¥À¸·Î ¿·ÁÁ® ÆíÁýÁß¿¡ ÀÖÀ¸¸é ½Ã½ºÅÛ ¿¡·¯°¡ »ý±â±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ¸ÕÀú Çϵåµð½ºÅ©¿¡ ÆÄÀÏÀÌ ÀÖ´ÂÁö¸¦ fileReadable('filename$')¸¦ »ç¿ëÇØ È®ÀÎÇØº¸°í, ¸¸ÀÏ ÀÖ´Ù¸é ´Ù¸¥ À̸§À¸·Î ÀúÀåÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®´Â ¸¸¾à °°Àº À̸§ÀÇ ÆÄÀÏÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¸é "There is a file"À̶õ ¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¦ Á¤º¸Ã¢¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³»°í, ¾ø´Ù¸é ÆÄÀÏÀ» »õ·Î »ý¼ºÇÏ¿© ÀڷḦ ÀÔ·ÂÇØÁÖ´Â ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®ÀÌ´Ù.
filename$="C:\sounds\newfile.txt"
if fileReadable('filename$')
print There is a file with the same name!
else
fileappend 'filename$' I saved this file on my computer.
endif
¸¸¾à¿¡ ¾Õ¼ÀÇ ±¸±¸´ÜÀ» Á¤º¸Ã¢¿¡µµ Ç¥½ÃÇϰí, µ¿½Ã¿¡ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ Çϵåµð½ºÅ©¿¡ multiple.txt¶ó´Â À̸§À¸·Î ÀúÀåÇÏ·Á¸é ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.
clearinfo
filename$="C:\sounds\multiple.txt"
for i from 2 to 10
for j from 1 to 10
multiple='i'*'j'
print 'i' X 'j' = 'multiple''newline$'
fileappend 'filename$' 'i' X 'j' = 'multiple''newline$'
endfor
endfor
À§ÀÇ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇϸé Á¤º¸Ã¢¿¡ ¾Õ¼ ±¸±¸´Ü½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¿¡¼ º¸¾Ò´ø ³»¿ëµéÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³ª¸ç µ¿½Ã¿¡ Çϵåµð½ºÅ©¿¡µµ multiple.txt°¡ ¸¸µé¾îÁ® ÀÖ´Ù. ¸¸¾à fileappend 'filename$' 'i'¸¦ fileappend 'filename$''i'¿Í °°ÀÌ ½ºÆäÀ̽º ¾øÀÌ º¯¼ö°ªÀ» µÎ¸é multiple2.txt, multiple3.txt...multiple10.txt·Î ÀúÀåµÇ¹Ç·Î ÁÖÀÇÇØ¾ßÇÑ´Ù. µ¡ºÙ¿©, Á¤º¸Ã¢¿¡ ÀÖ´Â Á¤º¸¸¦ ±×´ë·Î ÆÄÀÏ·Î ÀúÀåÇÒ ¶§´Â {fappendinfo 'filename$'}¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù. ÀÌ¹Ì ÀÛ¼ºÇÑ ÆÄÀÏÀÌ ´õ ÀÌ»ó ÇÊ¿ä ¾øÀ» ¶§´Â {filedelete 'filename$'}¶ó´Â ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ ÀÔ·ÂÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù.
2.25 »ç¿ëÀÚ¿ÍÀÇ Åë½Å
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sound$="counter"
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editor Sound 'sound$'
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select Sound a
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editor Sound a
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end=Get end of selection
midpoint=(end-begin)/2+begin
timepoint=round(midpoint*1000)
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editor Spectrum 'timepoint'ms
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select Sound 'timepoint'ms
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2.28 À½¼ºÀ» ¿©°úÇÏ¿© ÀçÁ¶ÇÕÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ý
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select Sound aboji_hi
sampleno=Get number of samples
for k to 'sampleno'
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select Sound aboji_lo
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newlo='hi'+'lo'
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2.29 Çà·Ä(Matrix)
Çà·ÄÀ̶õ ¾î¶² Çà°ú ¿·Î µÈ ¼öÄ¡ÀڷḦ ³ªÅ¸³»´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸² 2.28°ú °°ÀÌ, ¿¢¼¿ÀÇ °¡·Î¿Í ¼¼·Î·Î µÈ ÀÚ·á°¡ Çà·ÄÀÚ·áÀÇ ´ëÇ¥ÀûÀÎ ¿¹°¡ µÈ´Ù.
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ÀÌ Ã¢¿¡¼ NameÀº °´Ã¼Ã¢¿¡ Ç¥½ÃµÇ´Â À̸§À» ¸»Çϰí, Number of rows´Â ¸î °³ÀÇ ÇàÀ¸·Î ¸¸µé °ÍÀÎÁö, Number of columns´Â ¸î °³ÀÇ ¿·Î ¸¸µé °ÍÀÎÁö¸¦ ÀÔ·ÂÇÑ´Ù. Formula¶õ¿¡´Â ¿øÇÏ´Â °ø½ÄÀ» ÀÔ·ÂÇÏ¿© °è»êµÈ °ªÀ» ³Ö°Å³ª 0À» ³ÖÀ¸¸é ¸ðµç Çà·Ä°ªÀÌ 0ÀÎ °ÍÀ¸·Î µÈ´Ù. ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®·Î´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¸¸µé¸é µÈ´Ù.
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select Matrix MyMatrix
rowno=Get number of rows
colno=Get number of columns
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val=Get value in cell... i j
print 'val''newline$'
endfor
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select Matrix MyMatrix
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colno=Get number of columns
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for j to rowno
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endfor
endfor
À§ÀÇ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®´Â ¼¿À» Çϳª¾¿ ¹Ù²Ù¾î ³ª°¡´Â °ÍÀε¥, º¯ÇüÇÒ °ªÀÌ ÀÏÁ¤ÇÏ´Ù¸é, ÇѲ¨¹ø¿¡ Çà·ÄÀÇ µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ º¯È¯ÇÏ´Â Formula±â´ÉÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ´Ù. °´Ã¼Ã¢ÀÇ ºÐ¼® ´ÜÃß °¡¿îµ¥ ÇϳªÀÎ Modify-->Formula¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇÏ°í ´ëÈâ¿¡ 0À̳ª ¿øÇÏ´Â ¼ýÀÚ¸¦ ÀÔ·ÂÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù. ¹°·Ð ¾ç¼öÀÎ Çà·Ä °ªÀ» ¸ðµÎ À½¼ö°ªÀ¸·Î ¹Ù²Ù·Á¸é ´ëÈâ¿¡ -self¶ó°í ÀÔ·ÂÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù. º¸Åë ¶ó¸µ°í±×¶óÇÁÀÇ ÀԷ½ÅÈ£°¡ Àü·ù¿¡ ±Ù°Å¸¦ µÐ °æ¿ì¿Í ±× ¹Ý´ëÂÊÀÎ ÀúÇ׿¡ ±Ù°Å¸¦ µÐ ÀԷ½ÅÈ£°¡ Àִµ¥, ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ Á¤¹Ý´ëÀÇ ½ÅÈ£·Î º¯È¯ÇÏ¿© ó¸®ÇÏ°í ½ÍÀ» ¶§ -self°¡ ¸Å¿ì Æí¸®ÇÏ´Ù. self+self[row, col-1]Àº ÇÑ ¼¿(self)°ú ÀÌÀü ¼¿(self[row, col-1])À» ´õÇÏ¿© °á±¹¿¡´Â ¸ðµç ¼¿ÀÇ °ªµéÀ» ÇÕÇØÁØ´Ù. À̰ÍÀº self[col-1]+self*dx·Îµµ Ç¥ÇöÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¿©±â¼, row´Â ÇöÀçÀÇ ÇàÀ» ¸»Çϰí colÀº ÇöÀçÀÇ ¿À» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. x°ªÀº ÇöÀçÀÇ ¿¿¡ ÇÒ´çµÈ °ªÀ¸·Î À½¼º, ½ºÆåÆ®·Î±×·¥, ¹èÀ½¼º µî¿¡¼´Â ½Ã°£Á¡°ªÀ» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ½ºÆåÆ®·³ °´Ã¼¿¡¼´Â Á֯ļö(Hertz)¸¦ ¸»Çϰí Áö°¢Àڱذ´Ã¼(Excitation)¿¡¼´Â Á֯ļö(Bark)¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. y°ªÀº ÇöÀçÀÇ Çà°ú ¿¬°üµÈ °ªÀ¸·Î ½ºÆåÆ®·Î±×·¥¿¡¼´Â Á֯ļö(Hertz)¸¦ ¸»ÇÏ°í ¿Í¿ì°üµµ(Cochleagram)¿¡¼´Â Á֯ļö(Bark)¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. ÀÌ Çà·Ä°´Ã¼´Â ¿©·¯ °³ÀÇ ½ºÆåÆ®·³ Á¤º¸¸¦ Æò±ÕÇÏ¿© µû·Î ÀúÀåÇϰųª °´Ã¼Ã¢¿¡¼ °ªµéÀ» ÀúÀåÇÏ¿´´Ù°¡ È£ÃâÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì¿¡ ¸Å¿ì Æí¸®ÇÏ´Ù.
2.31 À½¼º¿¡ °¡¿ì½º ¼ÒÀ½ ¼¯±â
À½¼ºÆÄÇü¿¡ ¼ÒÀ½À» ¼¯À¸·Á¸é °´Ã¼Ã¢¿¡ À½¼ºÀ» ºÒ·¯¿Â µÚ °´Ã¼Ã¢ÀÇ ºÐ¼®´ÜÃßÀÎ Modify¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇÏ°í ±×¸² 2.33°ú °°ÀÌ ±× ¾Æ·¡ÀÇ Formula...¸¦ Ŭ¸¯ ÇÑ´Ù.
±×¸² 2.33 °¡¿ì½º ¼ÒÀ½ ¼¯±â À§ÇÑ °´Ã¼Ã¢ÀÇ ¸Þ´º ¼±ÅÃ
Ŭ¸¯ÇÏ¸é ±×¸² 2.34¿Í °°Àº ´ëÈâÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³ª°í ºóÄ¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °ø½ÄÀ» ÀÔ·ÂÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
±×¸² 2.34 °¡¿ì½º ¼ÒÀ½ ¼¯±â ´ëÈâ
¿©±â¼ self+randomGauss(0,0.1)¸¦ ÀÔ·ÂÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù. À̰ÍÀº ¿ø·¡ÀÇ À½¼ºÆÄÇü¿¡ ¼ÒÀ½À» ¼¯¾î ¹Ù²Ù¶ó´Â ¸í·ÉÀÌ µÈ´Ù. À̸¦ °£´ÜÈ÷ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®·Î ÇÑ´Ù¸é ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¾µ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
select Sound hello
Formula... self + randomGauss(0,0.1)
2.32 ¼Ò¸®ÀÇ °µµ Á¶Àý
°´Ã¼Ã¢¿¡ ºÒ·¯¿Â ¼Ò¸®ÀÇ Å©±â¸¦ Á¶ÀýÇÏ·Á¸é °´Ã¼Ã¢ÀÇ Modify´ÜÃ߸¦ ´·¯ Formula¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, Çϵåµð½ºÅ©¿¡ ÀÖ´Â aboji¶õ À½¼ºÀ» ºÒ·¯¿Í Àç»ýÇÑ µÚ °µµ¸¦ 2¹èÇϰí Àç»ýÇÏ´Â ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù.
Read from file... C:\Praat\sounds\aboji
Play
Formula... self*2
Play
¹°·Ð °µµ¸¦ 1/2·Î ÁÙÀÌ·Á¸é Formula... self/2¸¦ ÀÔ·ÂÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù.
¼Ò¸®ÀÇ °µµ¸¦ Á¶ÀýÇÒ ¶§ ÃÑ Ç¥º»¼ö¸¦ ±¸ÇÑ µÚ °¢°¢ÀÇ Ç¥º»°ªÀ» ºÒ·¯¿Í oldvalue¿¡ ´ëÀÔÇϰí, À̸¦ µÎ ¹èÇÑ »õ °ªÀ¸·Î ´ëÄ¡ÇÏ´Â ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¾µ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
Read from file... C:\Praat\sounds\aboji
select Sound aboji
ncol=Get number of samples
x=0
for col from 1 to ncol
oldvalue=Get value at index... col
newvalue=oldvalue*2
Set value at index... col newvalue
x=x+1
endfor
ÀüüÀÇ ÆÄÇüº¸´Ù´Â ÀϺθ¦ ¼öÁ¤ÇÏ·Á¸é ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ¼ø¼·Î ÀÛ¾÷ÇÑ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, "¾Æ¹öÁö"¶ó´Â À½¼º °¡¿îµ¥ "¾Æ"ºÎºÐ¸¸ 2¹è·Î È®´ëÇÏ·Á¸é °´Ã¼Ã¢¿¡ À½¼ºÀ» ºÒ·¯¿Â µÚ Edit´ÜÃ߸¦ ´·¯ ÆíÁýâ¿¡ ¿Ã¸®°í "¾Æ"ºÎºÐÀ» ¼±ÅÃÇÑ µÚ Extract selectionÀ» ½ÇÇàÇÏ¿© °´Ã¼Ã¢¿¡ Sound untitled°¡ ¿Ã¶ó°¡°Ô ÇÏ°í °´Ã¼Ã¢ÀÇ Modify´ÜÃ߸¦ ´·¯ FormulaÇÏÀ§¸Þ´º¸¦ Ŭ¸¯ÇÏ°í °ø½Ä´ëÈâÀÌ ³ª¿À¸é Formula... self*2¸¦ ÀÔ·ÂÇϰí ÀÌ·¸°Ô º¯ÇüµÈ Sound untitled¸¦ Edit ´ÜÃ߸¦ ´·¯ ¿¬ µÚ, À½¼º "¾Æ"ÀÇ Ã³À½ºÎÅÍ ³¡±îÁö ¸¶¿ì½º·Î ¼±ÅÃÇÑ´Ù. À̾î¼, ÆíÁýâÀÇ Edit±âº»¸Þ´º ¾Æ·¡ Copy selection to Sound clipboard¸¦ Ŭ¸¯ ÇÑ´Ù. Űº¸µåÁ¶ÇÕÀ¸·Î´Â Ctrl+C¸¦ ÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù. ¿ø·¡ÀÇ "¾Æ¹öÁö" À½¼º ÆíÁýâÀ» ¿¾î¼ Edit±âº»¸Þ´ºÀÇ ÇÏÀ§¸Þ´ºÀÎ Paste after selectionÀ» Ŭ¸¯ ÇÑ´Ù. Űº¸µåÁ¶ÇÕÀ¸·Î´Â Ctrl+V¸¦ ÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù. ÀÌ·¸°Ô ÇÏ¸é ¿ø·¡ÀÇ ¸ðÀ½ "¾Æ" ´ÙÀ½¿¡ ÁøÆøÀÌ Ä¿Áø ¸ðÀ½ "¾Æ"°¡ µ¡ºÙ¿©Á® ³ªÅ¸³´Ù. ¸¶¿ì½º·Î À½¼ºÀç»ý¸·´ë¸¦ Ŭ¸¯ ÇØº¸¸é Å«¼Ò¸®·Î º¯ÇßÀ½À» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ·± º¯ÇüÀº ±¹¾î³ª ¿µ¾î, ºÒ¾î µîÀÇ ´Ü¾î¿¡¼ ÇÑ À½ÀýÀÇ À½¼º°µµÀÇ Å©±â°¡ Áö°¢¿¡ ¾î¶² ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¡´ÂÁö ½ÇÇèÇϴµ¥ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¿ì¸®¸»°ú ´Þ¸® ¿µ¾îÀÇ ´Ü¾î¿¡´Â ÃʺÐÀýÀ½ÀÎ °¼¼°¡ ÀÖ¾î ¿©·¯ °³ÀÇ À½Àý °¡¿îµ¥ Çϳª¸¦ µ¸µé¸®°Ô ¹ßÀ½ÇÏ´Â °æÇâÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. °¼¼ÀÇ Æ¯Â¡À¸·Î´Â ÇÇÄ¡°ªÀÌ ³ô°Å³ª, Áö¼Ó½Ã°£ÀÌ ±æ°Å³ª, °µµ°ªÀÌ ³ôÀº °æÇâÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ ¼¼ °¡Áö À½ÇâÀûÀÎ ÆÄ¶ó¹ÌÅ͵éÀÌ °¢°¢ ÀÏÁ¤ÇÑ ºñÀ²·Î ¼·Î Á¶ÇÕµÇ¾î °¼¼°¡ ÁÖ¾îÁø À½ÀýÀ» ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù.
Á¦ 3 Àå À½¼º ºÐ¼® ½ºÅ©¸³Æ® °³¹ß°úÁ¤
3.1 ÇÇÄ¡¸¦ ±¸ÇÏ´Â ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®
»ç¶÷Àº ¼º´ëÀÇ ¶³¸² ¼Óµµ¸¦ º¯È½ÃÄÑ ´Ù¾çÇÑ °¨Á¤À» ³ªÅ¸³»´Âµ¥, ÀÌ·± À½¿øÀÇ º¯È¸¦ º¸¿©ÁÖ´Â ÇÇÄ¡°ªÀº ¿©·¯ °¡Áö ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î ±¸ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÇÇÄ¡¿¡ °üÇÑ ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀÎ ¼³¸íÀº http://hyomin.dongeui.ac.kr/~bgyang/00praf0.pdfÆÄÀÏÀ» Âü°íÇϱ⠹ٶõ´Ù. ÀÌ ³í¹®¿¡¼ Á¦½ÃÇÑ ÇÇÄ¡ºÐ¼®ÀÇ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®ÀÇ ¿¹¾àÇÔ¼öµéÀÌ ¾à°£ ¹Ù²î¾ú±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ´ÙÀ½ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®´Â ÀϺθ¦ ¼öÁ¤ÇÏ¿© "¾Æ¹öÁö"ÀÇ µÎ ¹øÂ° À½ÀýÀÎ "¹ö"ÀÇ Á߽ɺÎÀÇ ÇÇÄ¡°ª°ú Àüü Æò±ÕÇÇÄ¡°ªÀ» ¼Ò¼öÁ¡ ÀÌÇÏ´Â ¹Ý¿Ã¸²ÇÏ¿© Á¤º¸Ã¢¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù.
<pitchdraw.sk>
clearinfo
Read from file... C:\Praat\aboji
To Pitch (ac)... 0 75 15 yes 0.03 0.45 0.01 0.35 0.14 600
Smooth... 10
meanf0=Get mean... 0 0 Hertz
valuef0=Get value at time... 0.5 Hertz Linear
Viewport... 0 6 0 3
select Pitch aboji
Red
Draw... 0 0 0 500 yes
print 'meanf0:0''tab$''valuef0:0'
±×¸²Ã¢¿¡´Â ±×¸² 3.1°ú °°ÀÌ ±×·ÁÁö°í Á¤º¸Ã¢¿¡´Â 128 150À¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³´Ù.
±×¸² 3.1 '¾Æ¹öÁö' ÀÇ ÇÇÄ¡ °î¼± ±×¸²
3.2 ¼ýÀÚÀ½ÀÇ À½¼ºÆ¯¼º ºÐ¼® ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®
¼ýÀÚÀ½¿¡ ´ëÇÑ À½¼ººÐ¼®Àº °£´ÜÇϸ鼵µ ´©±¸³ª ºñ½ÁÇÏ°Ô ¹ßÀ½Çϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ¿©·¯ °¡Áö À½¼ºÀÇ Æ¯¼ºÀ» ÃøÁ¤ÇÏ¿© ¼·Î ºñ±³ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÁÁÀº À½¼ºÀÚ·áÀÌ´Ù. ¿©±â¼´Â http://hyomin.dongeui.ac.kr/~bgyang/pranum.htm ¿¡ Á¦½ÃµÈ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ® °¡¿îµ¥, ÀϺΠ¿¹¾àÇÔ¼ö°¡ ¹Ù²î¾ú±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ÃÖ±ÙÀÇ ¿ë¾î·Î ¹Ù²Ù¾î ³ªÅ¸³»¾îº»´Ù. ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀÎ ¼ýÀÚÀ½¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿¬±¸ ³»¿ëÀº ³í¹®À» Âü°íÇϱ⠹ٶõ´Ù. µ¡ºÙ¿©, °³º° ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®·Î ÀÛ¾÷ÇØº¼ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï °¢±â ¼³¸íÀ» ÇÑ µÚ, °¢°¢ÀÇ ÀÛ¾÷À» Çϳª·Î ¿¬°áÇÑ ¿ÏÀüÇÑ ÆÄÀÏÀ» ³¡¿¡ µÎ±â·Î ÇÑ´Ù. ¾Æ·¡ ù ¹øÂ° ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®´Â ÀÏ´Ü Çϵåµð½ºÅ©¿¡¼ ºÐ¼®ÇϰíÀÚ ÇÏ´Â ÆÄÀÏÀ» ºÒ·¯¿Â µÚ °´Ã¼Ã¢¿¡ ¿Ã·ÁÁ®¼ ÆÄÀÏÀ̸§À» soundName$¶õ º¯¼ö¿¡ ÀÔ·ÂÇØ µÎ°í Àüü±æÀ̸¦ length¶õ º¯¼ö¿¡ ÀÔ·ÂÇϰí ÇÇÄ¡ºÐ¼®À» ÇØ¼ ±×¸²Ã¢¿¡ ±×·Á³»´Â ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®´Ù. ¿ø°í°¡ ÃâÆÇµÉ ´ç½ÃÀÇ º¯¼ö À̸§ÀÇ Ã¹ ±ÛÀÚ¿¡ ´ë¹®ÀÚ°¡ Çã¿ëµÇ¾úÀ¸³ª, Áö±Ý »ç¿ëÇϰí ÀÖ´Â ÃÖ±ÙÀÇ ÇÁ¶óÆ® ÇÁ·Î±×·¥¿¡¼´Â ¿¡·¯°¡ ³ª¿À¹Ç·Î ¼Ò¹®ÀÚ·Î ¼öÁ¤ÇÏ¿´´Ù.
<pitchanalysis1.sk>
soundName$=selected$("Sound")
select Sound 'soundName$'
length=Get duration
To Pitch (ac)... 0.005 75 3 yes 0.03 0.45 0.01 0.35 0.14 500
Erase all
Viewport... 0 6 0 3
Draw... 0 0 0 500 yes
ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ÇÇÄ¡°ªÀÌ ±¸ÇØÁö´Â ±¸°£Àº ¼º´ëÀÇ ¶³¸²À» º¸ÀÌ´Â À¯¼ºÀ½ ±¸°£À¸·Î ÆÇ´ÜÇØµµ ÁÁ´Ù. º¸Åë À¯¼ºÀ½ ±¸°£¿¡¼ Æ÷¸ÕÆ®¿Í ÁøÆø°ª µî ÇÊ¿äÇÑ À½ÇâÀû Ư¼ºÀ» »ìÆìº¸±â À§Çؼ´Â ÇÇÄ¡°ªÀÌ 0º¸´Ù Å« À½¼º ±¸°£À» ÀÚµ¿À¸·Î ºÐ¼® ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¸Å¿ì Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù. µÎ¹øÂ° ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®´Â ¾ÕÀÇ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¿¡¼ ºÐ¼®ÇÑ ÇÇÄ¡°´Ã¼¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇØ¼, À½¼ºÀÌ ½ÃÀ۵Ǵ ºÎºÐÀº ÇÇÄ¡°ªÀÌ ¾ø´Ù°í °¡Á¤ÇÏ°í ¾à 20 ¹Ð¸®ÃÊ Áö³ À§Ä¡(i=0.02)¿¡¼ºÎÅÍ ½ÃÀÛÇÏ¿© ÇÇÄ¡°ªÀ» ±¸Çϰí, ÀÌ °ªÀÌ undefinedÀ̳ª 0ÀÏ ¶§´Â Áß´ÜÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í, ´ÙÀ½ 0.005Ãʰ¡ Áö³ ½Ã°£Á¡(i='i'+0.005-->i=0.025)¿¡¼ ÇÇÄ¡°ªÀ» ±¸ÇÏ¿© ÀÌ °ªÀÌ ¶Ç undefinedÀ̳ª 0ÀÏ ¶§´Â Áß´ÜÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í ´ÙÀ½ 0.005Ãʰ¡ Áö³ ½Ã°£Á¡(i=0.03)¿¡¼ ÇÇÄ¡°ªÀ» ±¸ÇÏ´Â whileÀÇ Á¶°ÇÀ» ¸¸Á·ÇÒ ¶§±îÁö µÇÇ®ÀÌÇÏ´Ù°¡ ÇÇÄ¡°ªÀÌ 0ÀÌ»óÀÎ ÁöÁ¡¿¡¼ while±¸°£À» ºüÁ®³ª¿Â´Ù. ÀÌÁöÁ¡ÀÇ i °ªÀ» onsettimeÀ̶ó´Â º¯¼ö¿¡ ³Ö°í À̸¦ Á¤º¸Ã¢¿¡ ÀμâÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ ¸¸µé ¶§ ÁÙÀÇ ³¡¿¡ ºóÄÀ» µÎ¸é ¿¡·¯°¡ ³ª¹Ç·Î ÁÖÀÇÇÑ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ º°µµ·Î ½ÇÇàÇÏ·Á¸é ¹Ýµå½Ã f0ÀÇ ÃʱⰪÀ» 0À¸·Î Çϰí, i=0.02°ªÀ» ÁÖ¾î¾ß¸¸ µÇ¹Ç·Î ÁÖÀÇÇÑ´Ù.
<pitchanalysis2.sk>
clearinfo
soundName$=selected$("Sound")
select Sound 'soundName$'
length=Get duration
To Pitch (ac)... 0.005 75 3 yes 0.03 0.45 0.01 0.35 0.14 500
Erase all
Viewport... 0 6 0 3
Draw... 0 0 0 500 yes
select Pitch 'soundName$'
f0=0
i=0.02
while f0=0 and 'i'<'length'
f0=Get value at time... i Hertz Linear
if f0=undefined
f0=0
endif
i='i'+0.005
endwhile
onsettime='i'-0.005
print 'onsettime'
±×¸² 3.2 ÇÇÄ¡°ªÀÌ 0ÀÌ»óÀÎ ½ÃÀÛÁ¡
ÀÌ ¶§ f0°¡ 0º¸´Ù Å« ¾çÀÇ °ªÀÌ µÇ¸é while¹®À» ºüÁ®³ª¿À°Ô µÇ´Âµ¥ ÀÌ ¶§ÀÇ i°ªÀº 0.005°¡ ÀÌ¹Ì ´õÇØÁö°Ô µÈ´Ù. ±×·¡¼, ½ÇÁ¦ÀÇ Á¤È®ÇÑ onsetimeÀº i¿¡ 0.005°¡ ´õÇØÁö±â ÀüÀÇ À§Ä¡°¡ µÇ¾î¾ßÇÑ´Ù. À§ÀÇ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ ¼ýÀÚÀ½ 6¿¡ ½ÇÇàÇÑ °á°ú 0.0599·Î ³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù. ¹Ý¿Ã¸²ÇÏ¿© 0.06¿¡ ÇØ´çÇÏ´Â ÁöÁ¡À» Ä¿¼¸¦ ¿Å°Üº¸¸é ±×¸² 3.2ó·³ ³ªÅ¸³´Ù. ¾ðÁ¦µçÁö ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®°¡ Á¤È®ÇÏ°Ô ¿øÇÏ´Â ÁöÁ¡À» Á¦´ë·Î ã´ÂÁö¸¦ ¹Ýµå½Ã ÆíÁýâ¿¡¼ ¿¾îº¸°í È®ÀÎÇϵµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù.
´ÙÀ½À¸·Î´Â ÇÇÄ¡ °ªÀÌ ´Ù½Ã 0À¸·Î ³»·Á°¡´Â ÁöÁ¡À» À¯¼ºÀ½ ±¸°£ÀÇ ³¡À¸·Î ÁöÁ¤ÇÏ´Â ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®´Ù. À§ÀÇ f0 ½ÃÀÛÁ¡À» ã´Â ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¿¡¼ whileÀÇ Á¶°ÇÀ» 'f0'>0 and 'i'<'length'·Î ÁöÁ¤ÇÏ¿© ÀÌ Á¶°ÇÀ» ºüÁ® ³ª¿Â ÁöÁ¡ÀÌ À¯¼ºÀ½ ±¸°£ÀÇ ³¡Á¡(offsettime)ÀÌ µÈ´Ù. ÀÌ ¶§ ¸¶Áö¸· offsettimeÀº ÀÌ¹Ì 0.005Ãʰ¡ ´õÇØÁ³±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ½ÇÁ¦´Â 0.005Ãʸ¦ »« ÁöÁ¡ÀÌ Á¤È®ÇÑ À§Ä¡°¡ µÈ´Ù. À§ÀÇ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¿¡¼ ÀÌ ºÎºÐÀ» Ãß°¡ÇÏ¿© ¸¸µé¾î º¸¾Ò´Ù.
<pitchanalysis3.sk>
clearinfo
soundName$=selected$("Sound")
select Sound 'soundName$'
length=Get duration
To Pitch (ac)... 0.005 75 3 yes 0.03 0.45 0.01 0.35 0.14 500
Erase all
Viewport... 0 6 0 3
Draw... 0 0 0 500 yes
select Pitch 'soundName$'
f0=0
i=0.02
while f0=0 and 'i'<'length'
f0=Get value at time... i Hertz Linear
if f0=undefined
f0=0
endif
i='i'+0.005
endwhile
onsettime='i'-0.005
print onset 'onsettime:3''newline$'
while f0>0 and 'i'<'length'
f0=Get value at time... i Hertz Linear
if f0=undefined
f0=0
endif
i='i'+0.005
endwhile
offsettime='i'-0.01
print offset 'offsettime:3''newline$
À§ÀÇ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ ¼ýÀÚÀ½ 6¿¡ ½ÇÇàÇϸé Á¤º¸Ã¢¿¡´Â ´ÙÀ½Ã³·³ ³ªÅ¸³´Ù. ÀÌ µÎ ÁöÁ¡À» ÆíÁýâ¿¡¼ ³ªÅ¸³»¾î º¸¸é ´ÙÀ½ ±×¸² 3.3°ú °°´Ù.
onset 0.060
offset 0.400
±×¸² 3.3 ÇÇÄ¡°ªÀÌ 0ÀÌ»óÀÎ ºÐ¼®±¸°£
¿©±â¼ ½ÃÀÛÁ¡°ú ³¡Á¡»çÀÌÀÇ °ªÀ» »©¸é ÇÇÄ¡°ªÀÌ ±¸ÇØÁø À¯¼ºÀ½ ±¸°£ÀÇ Áö¼Ó½Ã°£ÀÌ µÇ°í, À̸¦ 4·Î ³ª´©¾î ½ÃÀÛÁ¡°ú ³¡Á¡°ú ÀÌµé »çÀÌ¿¡ ¼¼ °³ÀÇ ÃøÁ¤ ÁöÁ¡À» ±¸ÇÏ¸é ºñ·Ï Áö¼Ó½Ã°£Àº ´Ù¸£´õ¶óµµ ¼·Î ºñ±³ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â »ó´ëÀûÀÎ ´Ù¼¸ °³ÀÇ ÃøÁ¤À§Ä¡ ½Ã°£Á¡ÀÌ µÈ´Ù. ÀÌ·± »ó´ëÀûÀÎ ÃøÁ¤À§Ä¡´Â ¼ýÀÚÀ½ 6À» ¹ß¼ºÇÒ ¶§ ¾î¶² »ç¶÷Àº ±æ°Ô ¹ßÀ½ÇÏ°í ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷Àº ª°Ô ¹ßÀ½ÇÒ °æ¿ì¿¡ ½Ã°£Á¡ À§Ä¡¿¡ µû¶ó ÃøÁ¤°ªÀÌ ¹Ù²î°Ô µÈ´Ù. ÀÌ·± °ªµéÀº ¼·Î ºñ±³ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø°Ô µÇ´Âµ¥, À̸¦ ÇØ°áÇÏ·Á¸é ÀüüÁö¼Ó½Ã°£¿¡ µû¶ó »ó´ëÀûÀÎ ½Ã°£Á¡À» ±¸ÇÏ¿© ºñ±³ÇÏ´Â ¹æ¾ÈÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù. ¹°·Ð ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ´Ù¸¥ ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î ¹ßÀ½ÇÑ »ç¶÷ÀÇ ÃøÁ¤°ª°ú´Â ºñ±³ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø¾îµµ °³Àκ° º¯ÈÆø µîÀ» °üÂûÇÏ´Â µ¥ µµ¿òÀÌ µÈ´Ù. À§ÀÇ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¿¡ Ãß°¡ÇÏ¿© ´Ù¼¸ °³ ½Ã°£Á¡(aa, bb, cc, dd, ee)À» ±¸ÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀº ´ÙÀ½ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®·Î ¸¸µé ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
<pitchanalysis4.sk>
f0duration='offsettime'-'onsettime'
divider='f0duration'/4
pointaa='onsettime'
pointbb='onsettime'+'divider'
pointcc='onsettime'+'divider'*2
pointdd='onsettime'+'divider'*3
pointee='offsettime'
print point aa 'pointaa:3''newline$'
print point bb 'pointbb:3''newline$'
print point cc 'pointcc:3''newline$'
print point dd 'pointdd:3''newline$'
print point ee 'pointee:3''newline$'
À§ÀÇ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¿¡¼´Â ÃÑ Áö¼Ó½Ã°£À» ±¸Çϰí À̸¦ 4µîºÐÇÏ¿© À̸¦ dividerº¯¼ö¿¡ ³Ö°í ½ÃÀÛÁ¡ºÎÅÍ Â÷·Ê·Î ´õÇØ³ª°¡´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» »ç¿ëÇß´Ù. ¸¸¾à ºÐ¼®ÇÒ À§Ä¡°¡ 10°³ ÀÌ»óÀÇ ½Ã°£Á¡ÀÌ µÈ´Ù¸é À§ÀÇ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®ÀÇ ½Ã°£Á¡À» ¹è¿À» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© point'1', point'2'¡point'10'À¸·Î ÁöÁ¤Çϰí, for±¸¹®À¸·Î °£´ÜÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µé ¼öµµ ÀÖÁö¸¸ ÀÌ Ã¥ µÞºÎºÐ¿¡¼ ¼³¸íÇϱâ·Î ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ·¸°Ô ½ÇÇàÇϸé Á¤º¸Ã¢¿¡´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³´Ù.
point aa 0.060
point bb 0.145
point cc 0.230
point dd 0.315
point ee 0.400
¸ÕÀú, ÀÌ ´Ù¼¸ °³ ½Ã°£Á¡ °¡¿îµ¥ ½ÃÀÛÁ¡¿¡ ÇØ´çÇÏ´Â aaÁöÁ¡ÀÇ ÇÇÄ¡°ªÀ» ±¸ÇÏ´Â °úÁ¤¸¸ ¼³¸íÇÑ´Ù. ÇÇÄ¡°ªÀÇ º¯È°¡ ½ÃÀÛÁ¡°ú ³¡Á¡°ú °°Àº °¡ÀåÀÚ¸®¿¡¼ ÃøÁ¤µÇ´Â °ªÀº Á¤È®ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °æÇâÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. À̸¦ ÇÇÇϱâ À§Çؼ´Â ÃøÁ¤ÁöÁ¡ ¾ÕµÚÀÇ °ªÀ» ±¸ÇÏ¿© Æò±Õ°ú Ç¥ÁØÆíÂ÷°ªÀ» ±¸ÇÏ¿© °É·¯³»´Â °ÍÀÌ ¹Ù¶÷Á÷ÇÏ´Ù. ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ÇÇÄ¡°ªÀÇ º¯È¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ¼º´ëÀÇ ¶³¸²ÀÌ ÀÏÁ¤ÇÑ ³ôÀÌ¿¡¼ Ãâ¹ßÇÏ¿© ¼¼È÷ ³ô¾ÆÁö°Å³ª ³·¾ÆÁö´Â °æÇâÀÌ ÀÖ°í ÀÓÀÇÀÇ ½Ã°£Á¡ ÁÖº¯¿¡¼´Â ÆíÂ÷°¡ Àû´Ù. ÇÇÄ¡ºÐ¼® ¾Ë°í¸®ÁòÀº ´ÜÀýµÈ ±¸°£À» â¹®¹üÀ§·Î Àâ°í ±× ¾È¿¡¼ °ªÀ» ±¸Çϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ÁÖº¯ÀÇ ÇÇÄ¡°ªÀ» ÂüÁ¶ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °æÇâÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¡¼ ÃøÁ¤ ÇÇÄ¡°ªÀÌ °©ÀÚ±â Æ¢¾î ¿À¸£´Ù°¡ ³»·Á°¡´Â ±â°èÀûÀÎ °ªµé·Î ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â °æ¿ì°¡ Á¾Á¾ ÀÖ´Ù. À̸¦ º¸¿ÏÇϱâÀ§Çؼ ÃøÁ¤ ½Ã°£Á¡ ÀüÈÄ 20 ms±¸°£ÀÇ Æò±Õ°ª°ú Ç¥ÁØÆíÂ÷¸¦ ÃëÇÏ¿© ±× ¹üÀ§¸¦ ¹þ¾î³ª¸é Æò±Õ°ªÀ» ÇÇÄ¡°ªÀ¸·Î ÁöÁ¤ÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» »ìÆìº¸ÀÚ. ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀ¸·Î´Â Æò±Õ°ª¿¡ 3Ç¥ÁØÆíÂ÷ °ªÀ» ´õÇϰųª »©¾î¼ ±¸ÇÑ ÇÇÄ¡¹üÀ§(f0low∼f0high)¸¦ ãÀº µÚ ½ÇÁ¦ ±¸ÇÑ ÇÇÄ¡°ªÀÌ ÀÌ ¹üÀ§ ¾È¿¡ µé¾îÀÖÀ» ¶§´Â ÀÌ °ªÀ» ÇÇÄ¡°ªÀ¸·Î ÁöÁ¤ÇÏ°í ±×·¸Áö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é ÀÌ ÁöÁ¡ ÀüÈÄ 20 ms±¸°£ÀÇ Æò±Õ°ªÀ» ´ëÀÔÇÑ´Ù.
<pitchanalysis3.sk>¡¡
select Pitch 'soundName$'
f0on='pointaa'-0.01
f0off='pointaa'+0.01
avf0=Get mean... f0on f0off Hertz
sdf0=Get standard deviation... f0on f0off Hertz
f0high='avf0'+3*'sdf0'
f0low='avf0'-3*'sdf0'
aaf0=Get value at time... pointaa Hertz Linear
if aaf0=undefined
aaf0=0
endif
if aaf0>'f0high' or aaf0<'f0low'
aaf0='avf0'
endif
print avf0 'avf0:1''tab$' sdf0 'sdf0:0''newline$'
print f0high 'f0high:1''tab$' f0low 'f0low:1''newline$'
print aaf0 'aaf0:1''newline$'
À§ÀÇ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ Ãß°¡ÇÏ¿© ½ÇÇàÇϸé Á¤º¸Ã¢¿¡ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ Ãâ·ÂµÈ´Ù.
avf0 151.9 sdf0 0.005
f0high 151.9 f0low 151.9
aaf0 151.9
Ç¥ÁØÆíÂ÷°ªÀÇ 3¹èÀÎ 0.015ÀÌ»óÀÎ °æ¿ì¿Í ¾Æ´Ñ °æ¿ì¸¦ ³ª´©¾îº¸¾ÒÁö¸¸ ´ÙÇàÈ÷ ÇÁ¶óÆ®ÀÇ ºÐ¼®ÇÁ·Î±×·¥¿¡¼´Â ÇÇÄ¡°ªÀÇ ¿¡·¯°¡ ¸¹Áö ¾Ê±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ½ÇÁ¦ ÇÇÄ¡°ª¿¡¼´Â º°·Î Å« º¯È°¡ ¾ø°Ô µÈ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ¼ÒÀ½¼ºÀÌ °ÇÑ ÀÚÀ½ÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â °¡²û¾¿ ¿¡·¯°¡ ³ª¿À±â ¶§¹®¿¡ À̸¦ Çѹø ½ÃµµÇغ¸´Â °Íµµ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù.
À̾î¼, ½Ã°£Á¡ aa¿¡¼ÀÇ ÁøÆø°ªÀ» ±¸ÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì¸¦ »ý°¢Çغ¸ÀÚ. ÁøÆø °ªµµ ÇÇÄ¡°ª°ú ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î 20 ms±¸°£³»ÀÇ Æò±Õ°ú Ç¥ÁØÆíÂ÷¸¦ ±¸ÇÏ¿© °É·¯ÁÖµµ·Ï ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ ¸¸µé¾î º¸ÀÚ.
<pitchanalysis3.sk>
select Sound 'soundName$'
To Intensity... 100 0.005
dbon='pointaa'-0.01
dboff='pointaa'+0.01
avdb=Get mean... dbon dboff
sddb=Get standard deviation... dbon dboff
dbhigh='avdb'+3*'sddb'
dblow='avdb'-3*'sddb'
aadb=Get value at time... 0.54 Cubic
if aadb=undefined
aadb=0
endif
if aadb>'dbhigh' or aadb<'dblow'
aadb='avdb'
endif
print avdb 'avdb:1''tab$' sddb 'sddb:0''newline$'
print dbhigh 'dbhigh:1''tab$' dblow 'dblow:1''newline$'
print aadb 'aadb:1''newline$'
ÀÌ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¿¡¼ To Intensity... 100 0.005´Â À½¼ºÀÇ Å©±â¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ÁøÆøÀ» ±¸ÇÏ´Â ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î 0.005Ãʸ¶´Ù 100 HzÀÌ»óÀÇ À½¼ºÀÇ Æ¯Â¡À» Æ÷ÂøÇÑ´Ù. Á֯ļö °ªÀ» ³ôÀÌ¸é º¸´Ù ´õ ¼¼ºÎÀûÀÎ À½¼ºÀÇ ÁøÆøº¯È¸¦ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. À½¼º½ÃÀۺκаú ³¡ºÎºÐÀÇ ÁøÆø°ªÀº º¯È°¡ ±Þ°ÝÇÑ °æ¿ì°¡ ¸¹±â ¶§¹®¿¡ Æò±Õ°ªÀ» ÃëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¹Ù¶÷Á÷ÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î ¿©°ÜÁø´Ù. À§ÀÇ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇϸé Á¤º¸Ã¢¿¡ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³´Ù.
avdb 52.1 sddb 5
dbhigh 66.2 dblow 38.1
aadb 52.1
´ÙÀ½À¸·Î´Â ¼ºµµÀÇ °ø¸í Ư¼ºÀÎ Æ÷¸ÕÆ®°ªÀ» ±¸ÇØ¾ß Çϴµ¥ ºÐ¼® ±¸°£°ú ¹æ½Ä¿¡ µû¶ó Æ÷¸ÕÆ®°ªÀº À½Àý ÃÊ¿Í À½Àý ¸»¿¡¼ º¯È°¡ ½ÉÇÏ´Ù. À̰ÍÀ» ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ Æò±Õ°ª°ú Ç¥ÁØÆíÂ÷¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇØ¼ °É·¯ÁÖ´Â ÀÛ¾÷À» ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù. Æ÷¸ÕÆ®°ªÀÇ º¯È´Â ¾Õ¼ ´Ù·ç¾ú´ø ÇÇÄ¡¿Í ÁøÆøÀÇ º¯Èº¸´Ù´Â ¾à°£ Å« ÆíÂ÷¸¦ º¸À̱⠶§¹®¿¡ ºÐ¼®ÇÒ ½Ã°£Á¡ ¾ÕµÚÀÇ Æò±Õ°ª°ú 2 Ç¥ÁØÆíÂ÷¸¦ ±âÁØÀ¸·Î À̺¸´Ù ³ô°Å³ª ³·Àº °æ¿ì¿¡´Â À½¼ºÀÌ °©Àڱ⠺¯ÇÏÁö´Â ¾Ê´Â´Ù´Â °¡Á¤ ÇÏ¿¡ ¿¡·¯ °ªÀ¸·Î ¹ö¸®°í ÀÌ ½Ã°£¿µ¿ªÀÇ Æò±Õ°ªÀ» ÃëÇÑ´Ù. Áö¸éÀÇ ±æÀ̸¦ ÁÙÀ̱â À§ÇØ ½ÃÀÛÁ¡(aa)ÀÇ F1, F2, F3°ªÀ» ±¸ÇÏ´Â ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¸ Á¦½ÃÇÑ´Ù.
<pitchanalysis5.sk>
select Sound 'soundName$'
To Formant (burg)... 0 5 5000 0.025 50
select Formant 'soundName$'
fmon='pointaa'-0.01
fmoff='pointaa'+0.01
avf1=Get mean... 1 fmon fmoff Hertz
sdf1=Get standard deviation... 1 fmon fmoff Hertz
avf2=Get mean... 2 fmon fmoff Hertz
sdf2=Get standard deviation... 2 fmon fmoff Hertz
avf3=Get mean... 3 fmon fmoff Hertz
sdf3=Get standard deviation... 3 fmon fmoff Hertz
f1high='avf1'+2*'sdf1'
f1low='avf1'-2*'sdf1'
f2high='avf2'+2*'sdf2'
f2low='avf2'-2*'sdf2'
f3high='avf3'+2*'sdf3'
f3low='avf3'-2*'sdf3'
aaf1= Get value at time... 1 pointaa Hertz Linear
if aaf1=undefined
aaf1=500
endif
if aaf1>'f1high' or aaf1<'f1low'
aaf1='avf1'
endif
aaf2= Get value at time... 2 pointaa Hertz Linear
if aaf2=undefined
aaf2=1500
endif
if aaf2>'f2high' or aaf2<'f2low'
aaf2='avf2'
endif
aaf3= Get value at time... 3 pointaa Hertz Linear
if aaf3=undefined
aaf3=2500
endif
if aaf3>'f3high' or aaf3<'f3low'
aaf3='avf3'
endif
print avf1 'avf1:0''tab$' sdf1 'sdf1:0''newline$'
print f1high 'f1high:0''tab$' f1low 'f1low:0''newline$'
print aaf1 'aaf1:0''newline$'
print avf2 'avf2:0''tab$' sdf2 'sdf2:0''newline$'
print f2high 'f2high:0''tab$' f2low 'f2low:0''newline$'
print aaf2 'aaf2:0''newline$'
print avf3 'avf3:0''tab$' sdf3 'sdf3:0''newline$'
print f3high 'f3high:0''tab$' f3low 'f3low:0''newline$'
print aaf3 'aaf3:0''newline$'
À§ÀÇ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇÏ°í ³ª¸é ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ Á¤º¸Ã¢¿¡ ÀμâµÈ´Ù.
avf1 274 sdf1 11
f1high 296 f1low 252
aaf1 276
avf2 2326 sdf2 56
f2high 2439 f2low 2214
aaf2 2301
avf3 3147 sdf3 22
f3high 3192 f3low 3102
aaf3 3128
ÀÌ ¸ðµç °úÁ¤À» ÇϳªÀÇ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®·Î ÅëÇÕÇÏ¿© ´Ù¼¸ °³ÀÇ ½Ã°£Á¡¿¡¼ ÇÇÄ¡°ª, °µµ°ª, Æ÷¸ÕÆ®°ªÀ» Á¤º¸Ã¢¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³»·Á¸é ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù. ±×¸² â¿¡´Â Æ÷¸ÕÆ®ÀÇ À§Ä¡¸¦ È®ÀÎÇϴµ¥ °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÑ µµ¿òÀÌ µÇ´Â ½ºÆåÆ®·Î±×·¥À» ¹è°æ±×¸²À¸·Î ÇÔ²² ³ªÅ¸³»°Ô ÇÑ´Ù.
<fivepointanalysis#.sk>
clearinfo
Erase all
Viewport... 0.5 7 0.5 6
soundName$=selected$("Sound")
select Sound 'soundName$'
length=Get duration
To Spectrogram... 0.005 5000 0.002 30 Gaussian
Paint... 0 0 0 0 100 yes 30 6 0 yes
select Sound 'soundName$'
To Pitch (ac)... 0.005 75 3 yes 0.03 0.45 0.01 0.35 0.14 500
Red
Draw... 0 0 0 400 no
select Sound 'soundName$'
To Intensity... 100 0.005
Lime
Draw... 0 0 30 110 no
select Sound 'soundName$'
To Formant (burg)... 0 5 5000 0.025 50
Navy
Speckle... 0 0 5000 30 no
select Pitch 'soundName$'
f0=0
i=0.02
while f0=0 and 'i'<'length'
f0=Get value at time... i Hertz Linear
if f0=undefined
f0=0
endif
i='i'+0.005
endwhile
onsettime='i'-0.005
while f0>0 and 'i'<'length'
f0=Get value at time... i Hertz Linear
if f0=undefined
f0=0
endif
i='i'+0.005
endwhile
offsettime='i'-0.01
syllableduration='offsettime'-'onsettime'
divider='syllableduration'/4
pointaa='onsettime'
pointbb='onsettime'+'divider'
pointcc='onsettime'+'divider'*2
pointdd='onsettime'+'divider'*3
pointee='offsettime'
select Pitch 'soundName$'
f0on='pointaa'-0.01
f0off='pointaa'+0.01
avf0=Get mean... f0on f0off Hertz
sdf0=Get standard deviation... f0on f0off Hertz
f0high='avf0'+3*'sdf0'
f0low='avf0'-3*'sdf0'
aaf0=Get value at time... pointaa Hertz Linear
if aaf0=undefined
aaf0=0
endif
if aaf0>'f0high' or aaf0<'f0low'
aaf0='avf0'
endif
select Intensity 'soundName$'
dbon='pointaa'-0.01
dboff='pointaa'+0.01
avdb=Get mean... dbon dboff
sddb=Get standard deviation... dbon dboff
dbhigh='avdb'+3*'sddb'
dblow='avdb'-3*'sddb'
aadb=Get value at time... pointaa Cubic
if aadb=undefined
aadb=0
endif
if aadb>'dbhigh' or aadb<'dblow'
aadb='avdb'
endif
select Formant 'soundName$'
fmon='pointaa'-0.01
fmoff='pointaa'+0.01
avf1=Get mean... 1 fmon fmoff Hertz
sdf1=Get standard deviation... 1 fmon fmoff Hertz
avf2=Get mean... 2 fmon fmoff Hertz
sdf2=Get standard deviation... 2 fmon fmoff Hertz
avf3=Get mean... 3 fmon fmoff Hertz
sdf3=Get standard deviation... 3 fmon fmoff Hertz
f1high='avf1'+2*'sdf1'
f1low='avf1'-2*'sdf1'
f2high='avf2'+2*'sdf2'
f2low='avf2'-2*'sdf2'
f3high='avf3'+2*'sdf3'
f3low='avf3'-2*'sdf3'
aaf1= Get value at time... 1 pointaa Hertz Linear
if aaf1=undefined
aaf1=500
endif
if aaf1>'f1high' or aaf1<'f1low'
aaf1='avf1'
endif
aaf2= Get value at time... 2 pointaa Hertz Linear
if aaf2=undefined
aaf2=1500
endif
if aaf2>'f2high' or aaf2<'f2low'
aaf2='avf2'
endif
aaf3= Get value at time... 3 pointaa Hertz Linear
if aaf3=undefined
aaf3=2500
endif
if aaf3>'f3high' or aaf3<'f3low'
aaf3='avf3'
endif
!point bb
select Pitch 'soundName$'
f0on='pointbb'-0.01
f0off='pointbb'+0.01
avf0=Get mean... f0on f0off Hertz
sdf0=Get standard deviation... f0on f0off Hertz
f0high='avf0'+3*'sdf0'
f0low='avf0'-3*'sdf0'
bbf0=Get value at time... pointbb Hertz Linear
if bbf0=undefined
bbf0=0
endif
if bbf0>'f0high' or bbf0<'f0low'
bbf0='avf0'
endif
select Intensity 'soundName$'
dbon='pointbb'-0.01
dboff='pointbb'+0.01
avdb=Get mean... dbon dboff
sddb=Get standard deviation... dbon dboff
dbhigh='avdb'+3*'sddb'
dblow='avdb'-3*'sddb'
bbdb=Get value at time... pointbb Cubic
if bbdb=undefined
bbdb=0
endif
if bbdb>'dbhigh' or bbdb<'dblow'
bbdb='avdb'
endif
select Formant 'soundName$'
fmon='pointbb'-0.01
fmoff='pointbb'+0.01
avf1=Get mean... 1 fmon fmoff Hertz
sdf1=Get standard deviation... 1 fmon fmoff Hertz
avf2=Get mean... 2 fmon fmoff Hertz
sdf2=Get standard deviation... 2 fmon fmoff Hertz
avf3=Get mean... 3 fmon fmoff Hertz
sdf3=Get standard deviation... 3 fmon fmoff Hertz
f1high='avf1'+2*'sdf1'
f1low='avf1'-2*'sdf1'
f2high='avf2'+2*'sdf2'
f2low='avf2'-2*'sdf2'
f3high='avf3'+2*'sdf3'
f3low='avf3'-2*'sdf3'
bbf1= Get value at time... 1 pointbb Hertz Linear
if bbf1=undefined
bbf1=500
endif
if bbf1>'f1high' or bbf1<'f1low'
bbf1='avf1'
endif
bbf2= Get value at time... 2 pointbb Hertz Linear
if bbf2=undefined
bbf2=1500
endif
if bbf2>'f2high' or bbf2<'f2low'
bbf2='avf2'
endif
bbf3= Get value at time... 3 pointbb Hertz Linear
if bbf3=undefined
bbf3=2500
endif
if bbf3>'f3high' or bbf3<'f3low'
bbf3='avf3'
endif
!point cc
select Pitch 'soundName$'
f0on='pointcc'-0.01
f0off='pointcc'+0.01
avf0=Get mean... f0on f0off Hertz
sdf0=Get standard deviation... f0on f0off Hertz
f0high='avf0'+3*'sdf0'
f0low='avf0'-3*'sdf0'
ccf0=Get value at time... pointcc Hertz Linear
if ccf0=undefined
ccf0=0
endif
if ccf0>'f0high' or ccf0<'f0low'
ccf0='avf0'
endif
select Intensity 'soundName$'
dbon='pointcc'-0.01
dboff='pointcc'+0.01
avdb=Get mean... dbon dboff
sddb=Get standard deviation... dbon dboff
dbhigh='avdb'+3*'sddb'
dblow='avdb'-3*'sddb'
ccdb=Get value at time... pointcc Cubic
if ccdb=undefined
ccdb=0
endif
if ccdb>'dbhigh' or ccdb<'dblow'
ccdb='avdb'
endif
select Formant 'soundName$'
fmon='pointcc'-0.01
fmoff='pointcc'+0.01
avf1=Get mean... 1 fmon fmoff Hertz
sdf1=Get standard deviation... 1 fmon fmoff Hertz
avf2=Get mean... 2 fmon fmoff Hertz
sdf2=Get standard deviation... 2 fmon fmoff Hertz
avf3=Get mean... 3 fmon fmoff Hertz
sdf3=Get standard deviation... 3 fmon fmoff Hertz
f1high='avf1'+2*'sdf1'
f1low='avf1'-2*'sdf1'
f2high='avf2'+2*'sdf2'
f2low='avf2'-2*'sdf2'
f3high='avf3'+2*'sdf3'
f3low='avf3'-2*'sdf3'
ccf1= Get value at time... 1 pointcc Hertz Linear
if ccf1=undefined
ccf1=500
endif
if ccf1>'f1high' or ccf1<'f1low'
ccf1='avf1'
endif
ccf2= Get value at time... 2 pointcc Hertz Linear
if ccf2=undefined
ccf2=1500
endif
if ccf2>'f2high' or ccf2<'f2low'
ccf2='avf2'
endif
ccf3= Get value at time... 3 pointcc Hertz Linear
if ccf3=undefined
ccf3=2500
endif
if ccf3>'f3high' or ccf3<'f3low'
ccf3='avf3'
endif
!point dd
select Pitch 'soundName$'
f0on='pointdd'-0.01
f0off='pointdd'+0.01
avf0=Get mean... f0on f0off Hertz
sdf0=Get standard deviation... f0on f0off Hertz
f0high='avf0'+3*'sdf0'
f0low='avf0'-3*'sdf0'
ddf0=Get value at time... pointdd Hertz Linear
if ddf0=undefined
ddf0=0
endif
if ddf0>'f0high' or ddf0<'f0low'
ddf0='avf0'
endif
select Intensity 'soundName$'
dbon='pointdd'-0.01
dboff='pointdd'+0.01
avdb=Get mean... dbon dboff
sddb=Get standard deviation... dbon dboff
dbhigh='avdb'+3*'sddb'
dblow='avdb'-3*'sddb'
dddb=Get value at time... pointdd Cubic
if dddb=undefined
dddb=0
endif
if dddb>'dbhigh' or dddb<'dblow'
dddb='avdb'
endif
select Formant 'soundName$'
fmon='pointdd'-0.01
fmoff='pointdd'+0.01
avf1=Get mean... 1 fmon fmoff Hertz
sdf1=Get standard deviation... 1 fmon fmoff Hertz
avf2=Get mean... 2 fmon fmoff Hertz
sdf2=Get standard deviation... 2 fmon fmoff Hertz
avf3=Get mean... 3 fmon fmoff Hertz
sdf3=Get standard deviation... 3 fmon fmoff Hertz
f1high='avf1'+2*'sdf1'
f1low='avf1'-2*'sdf1'
f2high='avf2'+2*'sdf2'
f2low='avf2'-2*'sdf2'
f3high='avf3'+2*'sdf3'
f3low='avf3'-2*'sdf3'
ddf1= Get value at time... 1 pointdd Hertz Linear
if ddf1=undefined
ddf1=500
endif
if ddf1>'f1high' or ddf1<'f1low'
ddf1='avf1'
endif
ddf2= Get value at time... 2 pointdd Hertz Linear
if ddf2=undefined
ddf2=1500
endif
if ddf2>'f2high' or ddf2<'f2low'
ddf2='avf2'
endif
ddf3= Get value at time... 3 pointdd Hertz Linear
if ddf3=undefined
ddf3=2500
endif
if ddf3>'f3high' or ddf3<'f3low'
ddf3='avf3'
endif
!point ee
select Pitch 'soundName$'
f0on='pointee'-0.01
f0off='pointee'+0.01
avf0=Get mean... f0on f0off Hertz
sdf0=Get standard deviation... f0on f0off Hertz
f0high='avf0'+3*'sdf0'
f0low='avf0'-3*'sdf0'
eef0=Get value at time... pointee Hertz Linear
if eef0=undefined
eef0=0
endif
if eef0>'f0high' or eef0<'f0low'
eef0='avf0'
endif
select Intensity 'soundName$'
dbon='pointee'-0.01
dboff='pointee'+0.01
avdb=Get mean... dbon dboff
sddb=Get standard deviation... dbon dboff
dbhigh='avdb'+3*'sddb'
dblow='avdb'-3*'sddb'
eedb=Get value at time... pointee Cubic
if eedb=undefined
eedb=0
endif
if eedb>'dbhigh' or eedb<'dblow'
eedb='avdb'
endif
select Formant 'soundName$'
fmon='pointee'-0.01
fmoff='pointee'+0.01
avf1=Get mean... 1 fmon fmoff Hertz
sdf1=Get standard deviation... 1 fmon fmoff Hertz
avf2=Get mean... 2 fmon fmoff Hertz
sdf2=Get standard deviation... 2 fmon fmoff Hertz
avf3=Get mean... 3 fmon fmoff Hertz
sdf3=Get standard deviation... 3 fmon fmoff Hertz
f1high='avf1'+2*'sdf1'
f1low='avf1'-2*'sdf1'
f2high='avf2'+2*'sdf2'
f2low='avf2'-2*'sdf2'
f3high='avf3'+2*'sdf3'
f3low='avf3'-2*'sdf3'
eef1= Get value at time... 1 pointee Hertz Linear
if eef1=undefined
eef1=500
endif
if eef1>'f1high' or eef1<'f1low'
eef1='avf1'
endif
eef2= Get value at time... 2 pointee Hertz Linear
if eef2=undefined
eef2=1500
endif
if eef2>'f2high' or eef2<'f2low'
eef2='avf2'
endif
eef3= Get value at time... 3 pointee Hertz Linear
if eef3=undefined
eef3=2500
endif
if eef3>'f3high' or eef3<'f3low'
eef3='avf3'
endif
select Pitch 'soundName$'
Remove
select Intensity 'soundName$'
Remove
select Formant 'soundName$'
Remove
select Spectrogram 'soundName$'
Remove
print Point:'tab$'aa'tab$'bb'tab$'cc'tab$'dd'tab$'ee'newline$'
print db:'tab$''aadb:0''tab$''bbdb:0''tab$''ccdb:0''tab$''dddb:0''tab$''eedb:0''newline$'
print f0:'tab$''aaf0:0''tab$''bbf0:0''tab$''ccf0:0''tab$''ddf0:0''tab$''eef0:0''newline$'
print F1:'tab$''aaf1:0''tab$''bbf1:0''tab$''ccf1:0''tab$''ddf1:0''tab$''eef1:0''newline$'
print F2:'tab$''aaf2:0''tab$''bbf2:0''tab$''ccf2:0''tab$''ddf2:0''tab$''eef2:0''newline$'
print F3:'tab$''aaf3:0''tab$''bbf3:0''tab$''ccf3:0''tab$''ddf3:0''tab$''eef3:0''newline$'
print 'newline$'
print Data:'tab$'db'tab$'f0'tab$'F1'tab$'F2'tab$'F3'newline$'
print aa'tab$''aadb:0''tab$''aaf0:0''tab$''aaf1:0''tab$''aaf2:0''tab$''aaf3:0''newline$'
print bb'tab$''bbdb:0''tab$''bbf0:0''tab$''bbf1:0''tab$''bbf2:0''tab$''bbf3:0''newline$'
print cc'tab$''ccdb:0''tab$''ccf0:0''tab$''ccf1:0''tab$''ccf2:0''tab$''ccf3:0''newline$'
print dd'tab$''dddb:0''tab$''ddf0:0''tab$''ddf1:0''tab$''ddf2:0''tab$''ddf3:0''newline$'
print ee'tab$''eedb:0''tab$''eef0:0''tab$''eef1:0''tab$''eef2:0''tab$''eef3:0''newline$'
À§ÀÇ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ ¼ýÀÚÀ½ '6'¿¡ ½ÇÇàÇÏ¸é ±×¸²Ã¢¿¡ ±×¸² 3.4¿Í °°ÀÌ ±×·ÁÁø´Ù.
±×¸² 3.4 ¼ýÀÚÀ½ 6ÀÇ ÇÇÄ¡, Æ÷¸ÕÆ®, ÁøÆø, ½ºÆåÆ®·Î±×·¥
À§ÀÇ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ ¼ýÀÚÀ½ '6'¿¡ ½ÇÇàÇÏ¸é ´Ù¼¸ °³ÀÇ ½Ã°£Á¡¿¡¼ ±¸ÇØÁø À½ÇâºÐ¼® °á°ú°¡ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ Á¤º¸Ã¢¿¡ Ãâ·ÂµÈ´Ù.
Point: aa bb cc dd ee
db: 53 66 76 75 56
f0: 152 129 146 142 121
F1: 276 269 307 402 370
F2: 2301 2366 1941 1001 1260
F3: 3128 3223 2472 2718 2683
Data: db f0 F1 F2 F3
aa 53 152 276 2301 3128
bb 66 129 269 2366 3223
cc 76 146 307 1941 2472
dd 75 142 402 1001 2718
ee 56 121 370 1260 2683
ù ¹øÂ° Ç¥¿¡ µé¾îÀÖ´Â µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ ¿¢¼¿¿¡ ³Ö¾î¼ ±×·¡ÇÁ·Î ³ªÅ¸³»¸é ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù. ¿¢¼¿·Î ÆÄÀÏÀ» º¸³¾ ¶§´Â Á¤º¸Ã¢¿¡¼ º¹»çÇÏ¿© ¹Ù·Î °¡Á®°¡¾ßÇÑ´Ù. ¸¸¾à ÀÌ ÆÄÀÏÀ» ¾Æ·¡Çѱ۷Π°¡Á®¿Â µÚ¿¡ ±×°ÍÀ» º¹»çÇÏ¿© ´Ù½Ã ¿¢¼¿·Î º¸³»¸é ÅÇ۰¡ ¸ðµÎ ½ºÆäÀ̽º·Î ÀÚµ¿ º¯È¯µÇ¹Ç·Î ¿¢¼¿¿¡¼ ÅØ½ºÆ®·Î ¹Ù²Ù±â¸¦ ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
±×¸² 3.5 ¿¢¼¿À» ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ ÇÇÄ¡, Æ÷¸ÕÆ®, ÁøÆø ±×·¡ÇÁ
3.3 À½¼º±¸°£ ÀÚµ¿ ºÐ¸®Çϱâ
À½¼º±¸°£À» ã¾Æ³¾ ¶§´Â °µµ°ªÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© Æò±Õ°ú Ç¥ÁØÆíÂ÷¸¦ ±¸ÇÏ¿© ½ÃÀۺκп¡¼ 1Ç¥ÁØÆíÂ÷ÀÌ»óÀÌ µÇ´Â °÷°ú ³¡³ª´Â ºÎºÐ¿¡¼ 1Ç¥ÁØÆíÂ÷ÀÌ»óÀÌ µÇ´Â °÷ÀÇ ½Ã°£Á¡À» ±¸ÇÏ¿© À߶󳻸é À½¼º±¸°£¸¸ ¼±ÅÃÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ µÈ´Ù. ½ÇÁ¦ °µµ°ªÀº °¢ À½¼ºÆÄÀÏÀ» Á¦°öÇÏ¿© À½°ú ¾çÀÇ ¼ö¸¦ ¾çÀÇ °ªÀ¸·Î ¸¸µç µÚ ±× Æò±Õ°ú Ç¥ÁØÆíÂ÷¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù. ¸¸¾à¿¡ ¸ðµç À½¼ºÆÄÀÏÀ» Á¦°öÇÏ·Á¸é °ø½Ä¶õ¿¡ self^2¸¦ ÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù. ¾Æ·¡ÀÇ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®´Â °´Ã¼Ã¢¿¡ ºÒ·ÁÁø À½¼ºÆÄÀÏÀÇ °µµ°î¼±À» ±¸ÇÏ°í °µµ°ªÀÇ Æò±Õ°ú Ç¥ÁØÆíÂ÷¸¦ ±¸ÇØ Æò±Õ+(Ç¥ÁØÆíÂ÷/5)¸¦ ¹®ÅΰªÀ¸·Î ÁöÁ¤ÇÏ¿© óÀ½¿¡¼ ÀÌ °ªÀÌ µÇ´Â ºÎºÐÀ» ½ÃÀÛÁ¡À¸·Î ÇÏ°í ³¡¿¡¼ °Å²Ù·Î °Ë»öÇÏ¿© ÀÌ °ªÀÌ µÇ´Â ÁöÁ¡À» ³¡Á¡À¸·Î ÇÏ¿© ±× ±¸°£¸¸ µû·Î Àß¶ó³»¾î trimmed¶ó´Â À½¼ºÆÄÀÏ·Î º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù. ÀÌ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© À½Àý¿¡ ÇØ´çÇÏ´Â ºÎºÐÀ» ã¾Æ³»´Âµ¥ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ´õ ¸¹Àº À½ÀýµéÀ» ºÐ¸®ÇÏ¿© °´Ã¼Ã¢¿¡ º°µµ·Î ³ªÅ¸³»·Á¸é, °µµ°î¼±¿¡¼ ÃÖ´ë°ª Á¤Á¡À» Áß½ÉÀ¸·Î ¿Ã¶ó°¡°Å³ª ³»·Á°¡´Â À§Ä¡¸¦ ã¾Æ ¸î °³ÀÇ À½Àý·Î ºÐ¸®ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
<dbtrim.sk>
name$=selected$("Sound")
totdur=Get duration
call intenser
call onseter
call offseter
call trim
call cleanall
procedure intenser
select Sound 'name$'
To Intensity... 100 0
dbmean=Get mean... 0 0
dbsd=Get standard deviation... 0 0
dbmax=Get maximum... 0 0 Parabolic
dbmin=Get minimum... 0 0 Parabolic
dbcut='dbmean'+('dbsd'/5)
finish='totdur'-0.04
endproc
procedure onseter
select Intensity 'name$'
timer=0.02
i=0
call db
while 'dbval'<'dbcut'
i='i'+1
timer='i'*0.005+0.01
call db
endwhile
onset='timer'-0.0075
endproc
procedure offseter
timer='totdur'-0.02
i=0
call db
while 'dbval'<'dbcut'
i='i'+1
timer='totdur'-('i'*0.005)
call db
endwhile
offset='timer'+0.0075
endproc
procedure db
dbval=Get value at time... 'timer' Cubic
if dbval=undefined
dbval=0
endif
endproc
procedure trim
select Sound 'name$'
Edit
editor Sound 'name$'
Select... 'onset' 'offset'
Extract selection
endeditor
Rename... trimmed
endproc
procedure cleanall
select Sound 'name$'
Remove
select Intensity 'name$'
Remove
select Sound trimmed
Remove
endproc
À§ÀÇ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ ¼ýÀÚÀ½ '6'¿¡ Àû¿ëÇÏ¸é ±×¸² 3.6°ú °°ÀÌ ¼±ÅÃµÈ ºÎºÐÀÌ trimmed¶ó´Â °´Ã¼·Î â¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³´Ù.
3.4 À½¼ºº¯Çü¿¡ °üÇÑ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®
ÇÁ¶óÆ®ÀÇ Manipulation±â´ÉÀº »ç¶÷ÀÇ À½¼ºÀÇ Æ¯¼º °¡¿îµ¥ ÇÇÄ¡, ÁøÆø, ¼ÓµµÀÇ ¼¼°¡Áö ÃʺÐÀýÀ½ ºÎºÐÀ» ¿øÀ½À» ±×´ë·Î º¸Á¸ÇÏ¸é¼ º¯ÇüÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÈǸ¢ÇÑ ±â´ÉÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¿µ¾î±³À°¿¡¼ ¿ø¾î¹ÎÀÇ ¹ßÀ½À» µû¶óÇÏ´Â °Íº¸´Ù Çлý ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¹ßÀ½À» µè°í µû¶óÇÏ¸é ´õ¿í ´õ Ä£±Ù°¨ÀÌ ÀÖ°Ô µÇ°í ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¹ßÀ½¿¡ ¹®Á¦°¡ µÇ´Â ÃÊÀ½ÀýÀ½ ºÎºÐÀ» º¯ÇüÇÏ¿© ¹Ù¸£°Ô ¹ßÀ½Çϵµ·Ï ½À°üȽÃų ¼ö ÀÖ°Ú´Ù.
±×¸² 3.6 ¼ýÀÚÀ½ 6ÀÇ ÀϺθ¦ Àß¶ó¼ ³ªÅ¸³»±â
±¸Ã¼ÀûÀ¸·Î, ÇлýÀÇ ¿µ¾î¹ßÀ½À» ¹®Á¦°¡ ÀÖ´Â À½ÀýÀ̳ª ´Ü¾îºÎºÐÀ» ã¾Æ ¼Óµµ¸¦ ´Ã¸®°Å³ª ÁÙ¿©¼ ÇнÀÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ¸¸µé¾î Áִµ¥ Ȱ¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ÀÓ»óÀûÀ¸·Î´Â ¾ð¾îÄ¡·á¿¡ Ȱ¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. º¸Åë ³Ê¹« ºü¸£°Å³ª ³ôÀº À½¼ºÀ¸·Î ¹ß¼ºÇÔÀ¸·Î½á Èĵο¡ °áÀýÀÌ »ý±ä ȯÀÚÀÇ ¸ñ¼Ò¸®¸¦ °³¼±Çϱâ À§Çؼ´Â Æò¼Ò¿¡ ¸ñ¼Ò¸®¸¦ º¸´Ù ³·Àº ÇÇÄ¡¿Í Å©±â·Î õõÈ÷ ¹ßÀ½Çϵµ·Ï ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á »ó´çÈ÷ °³¼±½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. À½¼ºÀ» Á¶ÀýÇϱâ À§Çؼ´Â ȯÀÚ ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¸ñ¼Ò¸®°¡ ³Ê¹« ³ô´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» Æò¼Ò¿¡ ´Ã ¾²´Â ¹ßÀ½µéÀ» ³ìÀ½ÇÑ ´ÙÀ½ À̸¦ ´Ù¾çÇÏ°Ô º¯Çü½ÃÄÑ ¿©·¯ ¹ø ¿¬½ÀÇÏ¿© ³ª»Û ½À°üÀ» °íÄ¡°í ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ±Í·Î Çǵå¹éÀ» ¹Þµµ·Ï Çϴµ¥ Ȱ¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
3.5 ¼Ò¸®ÀÇ Å©±â ÁÙÀ̱â
°´Ã¼Ã¢¿¡ ºÒ·¯¿Â À½¼º½ÅÈ£ÀÇ ÁøÆø°ªÀ» Modify´ÜÃßÀÇ Formula...¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇÏ¿© self°ªÀ» ÀÓÀÇÀÇ °ªÀ¸·Î °öÇϰųª ³ª´©¾îÁÖ¸é °µµ°ªÀÌ ÁÙ¾îÁö°Ô µÈ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®´Â °´Ã¼Ã¢¿¡ ºÒ·¯¿Â À½¼ºÀ» ºÒ·¯¿Í 0.8, 0.6, 0.4¸¦ °öÇÏ¿© ½ÇÁ¦ 80%, 60%, 40%·Î Å©±â¸¦ ÁÙÀÌ´Â È¿°ú¸¦ º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù.
soundName$=selected$("Sound")
for i from 1 to 3
rate=1-'i'*0.2
newName$="'soundName$'"+"'i'"
select Sound 'soundName$'
Copy... 'newName$'
Formula... self*'rate'
Play
endfor
À§ÀÇ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ ¼ýÀÚÀ½ '6'¿¡ ½ÇÇàÇÑ µÚ ¿ø·¡ÀÇ À½¼º°ú ¼¼ °³ÀÇ º¯ÇüµÈ ÆÄÀÏÀÇ °µµ°ªÀ» ÃøÁ¤ÇÏ¿© ±×·¡ÇÁ·Î ±×·Áº¸¸é ±×¸² 3.7°ú °°´Ù. ¸Ç À§ÀÇ °µµ°¡ ¿ø·¡ÀÇ À½¼ºÀ» ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù.
±×¸² 3.7 °µµ°ª º¯Çü ±×¸²
3.6 ¿¬¼Ó½ºÆåÆ®·³ ±×¸®±â
½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© Á¼Àº´ë¿ªÀÇ ½ºÆåÆ®·³À» ¿¬¼ÓÀ¸·Î ±×·Á¼, À½¼ºÀÇ À½ÇâÆ¯Â¡ÀÌ ¾î¶»°Ô º¯ÈÇÏ´ÂÁö °üÂûÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®´Â ¿¬¼Ó½ºÆåÆ®·³À» ±×¸²Ã¢¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³»´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ½ÇÁ¦ À½¼ºÆÄÇü¿¡¼ ½ºÆåÆ®·³À» ±¸Çغ¸¸é °íÁÖÆÄ ºÎºÐÀÌ ¸Å¿ì ³·Àº ÁøÆø°ªÀ» °¡Áö°Ô µÈ´Ù. À̸¦ º¸»óÇϱâÀ§Çؼ´Â °íÁÖÆÄ´ë¿ª °Á¶(Pre-emphasize)¸¦ ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¾Æ·¡ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¿¡¼´Â 500 HzºÎÅÍ °Á¶ÇÑ´Ù.
<narrspecgraph.sk>
Erase all
name$=selected$("Sound")
select Sound 'name$'
Pre-emphasize (in-line)... 500
To Spectrogram... 0.029 5000 0.002 10 Gaussian
for k from 1 to 20
timer='k'*0.005
select Spectrogram 'name$'
To Spectrum (slice)... 'timer'
Viewport... 0 6 'k'*0.6 'k'*0.6+3
Viewport... 0 6 'k'*0.6 'k'*0.5+3
Draw... 0 0 30 110 no
Remove
endfor
¼ýÀÚÀ½ '6'¿¡ À§ÀÇ ¿¬¼Ó½ºÆåÆ®·³ ±×¸®±â ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇÏ¸é ±×¸² 3.8°ú °°ÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³´Ù.
±×¸² 3.8 Á¼Àº´ë¿ª ¿¬¼Ó ½ºÆåÆ®·³ ¸¸µé±â
À§ÀÇ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¿¡¼ Á¼Àº´ë¿ªÀÇ ½ºÆåÆ®·Î±×·¥À» ¸¸µå´Â °ÍÀº ´Ù¼¸ ¹øÂ° ÁÙÀÇ To Spectrogram... 0.029 5000 0.002 10 GaussianÀ̶ó´Â Ç¥Çö °¡¿îµ¥ 0.029¶ó´Â âÀÇ Å©±âÀÌ´Ù. À̰ÍÀ» 0.007·Î ÇÏ¸é ±×¸² 3.9¿Í °°ÀÌ ³ÐÀº´ë¿ªÀÇ ½ºÆåÆ®·Î±×·¥ÀÌ µÇ°í, ½ºÆåÆ®·³ÀÇ º¯È¸ð¾çÀº ´Þ¶óÁø´Ù.
±×¸² 3.9 ³ÐÀº´ë¿ª ¿¬¼Ó½ºÆåÆ®·³
³ÐÀº´ë¿ªÀÇ ½ºÆåÆ®·³Àº 5¹Ð¸®ÃÊ ¸¶´Ù Çϳª¾¿ ±¸ÇÏ¿© ½ºÆåÆ®·³À¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù¸é ¸Å¿ì ºÒ¾ÈÁ¤ÇÑ ¸ð½ÀÀ» º¸ÀÌ°Ô µÈ´Ù. ´Ù½Ã ¸»Çؼ, ³ÐÀº´ë¿ªÀ¸·Î ½ºÆåÆ®·³À» ºÐ¼®ÇÑ ÀڷḦ ±Ù°Å·Î ÀÏÁ¤ÇÑ ±ÔÄ¢À» ã¾Æ ¸ðµ¨À» ¸¸µé·Á¸é ¸Å¿ì ¾î·Á¿ï °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
3.8 À½¼ºÀÇ Àç»ý¼Óµµ ¹Ù²Ù±â
´ÙÀ½À¸·Î´Â ¼Óµµ¸¦ ¹Ù²Ù´Â ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¾Ë¾Æº»´Ù. ÇÑ À½¼ºÀÇ ¼Óµµ¸¦ º¯ÇüÇÏ·Á¸é ¸ÕÀú °´Ã¼Ã¢¿¡ ºÒ·¯¿Â À½¼ºÀÇ ÀüüÁö¼Ó½Ã°£(dur)À» ±¸ÇÑ µÚ ÀÌ °ªÀÇ ¹ÝÀ» durhalf¿¡ ÀúÀåÇÏ°í ¿ø·¡ÀÇ ÆÄÀÏÀ» º¸Á¸Çϱâ À§Çؼ´Â for µÇÇ®ÀÌ ±¸¹® ¾È¿¡¼ ´Ù¸¥ À̸§À¸·Î ÆÄÀÏÀ» ¸¸µé¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ·¸°Ô Áß°£ ÁöÁ¡°ªÀ» ±¸ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº º¯Çüâ¿¡¼ ÇÑ ÁöÁ¡À» ¼±ÅÃÇÑ µÚ Áö¼Ó½Ã°£ ºñÀ²À» Á¶Á¤ÇؾßÇϱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.
±×¸² 3.10¿¡¼´Â 0.2525°¡ ÃÑÁö¼Ó½Ã°£ÀÇ ¹ÝÀÎ ÁöÁ¡ÀÌ ¼±ÅõǾî Àִµ¥, ManipulationÆíÁýâÀÇ Dur±âº»¸Þ´º¿¡¼ ±×¸² 3.11°ú °°ÀÌ Add duration point¶ó´Â ÇÏÀ§¸Þ´º¿¡ ÀÌ °ªÀÌ ÀԷµǾî¾ßÇϰí, Relative durationÄ¿¡ »ó´ëÀûÀÎ ºñÀ²À» ÀÔ·ÂÇØ ÁÖ¾î¾ßÇÑ´Ù.
±×¸² 3.10 º¯Çü ÆíÁýâÀÇ Ä¿¼ À§Ä¡
¾Æ·¡ÀÇ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¿¡¼´Â º¯ÇüÇÒ À½¼ºÆÄÀÏÀÇ À̸§À» »õ·Î ÁöÁ¤ÇÏ¿©, Manipulation¸Þ´º¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇϰí, À̸¦ 1.1, 1.2, 1.3¹èÀÇ ¼ø¼·Î ´Ã¸° ´ÙÀ½, Àç»ýÇÏ°Ô ÇÑ´Ù.
±×¸² 3.11 ¼Óµµº¯È ÁöÁ¡ ÁöÁ¤Çϱâ
soundName$=selected$("Sound")
dur=Get duration
durhalf='dur'/2
for i from 1 to 3
rate=1+'i'*0.2
newName$="'soundName$'"+"'i'"
select Sound 'soundName$'
To Manipulation... 0.01 75 600
Rename... 'newName$'
Edit
editor Manipulation 'newName$'
Add duration point at... 'durhalf' 'rate'
Close
endeditor
Play (PSOLA)
select Manipulation 'newName$'
Remove
endfor
À§ÀÇ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇÑ µÚ¿¡ ¿ø·¡ÀÇ À½¼ºÆÄÀϰú ¼¼ ¹øÂ° ¸¸µé¾îÁø ÆÄÀÏÀÇ ÆÄÇüÀ» ±×·Áº¸¸é ±×¸² 3.12¿Í °°´Ù. ¿ø·¡ÀÇ À½¼ºÆÄÀÏÀÇ ÃÑÁö¼Ó½Ã°£ÀÌ0.505ÃÊ¿´´Âµ¥, Áö¼Ó½Ã°£À» ´Ã¸° À½¼ºÆÄÀÏÀÇ ÃÑ Áö¼Ó½Ã°£Àº ÀÌ °ªÀÌ 1.6¹èÀÎ 0.808ÃÊ·Î È®´ëµÇ¾ú´Ù.
±×¸² 3.12 ¼ýÀÚÀ½ '6'ÀÇ Áö¼Ó½Ã°£ ´Ã¸®±â
3.8 À½¼ºÀÇ ³ôÀÌ ¹Ù²Ù±â
À½¼ºÀÇ ³ôÀÌÀÎ ÇÇÄ¡¸¦ ¹Ù²Ù´Â ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®ÀÇ ½ÇÇà°úÁ¤Àº ¸ÕÀú, À½¼ºÀ» °´Ã¼Ã¢¿¡ ºÒ·¯¿À°í À̸¦ Manipulation¸Þ´º¸¦ Ŭ¸¯ ÇÏ¿© º¯ÇüÇÒ Áغñ¸¦ ÇÏ°í »õ À̸§À» ÁöÁ¤ÇÑ ´ÙÀ½, ¿©±â¼ ÇÇÄ¡°èÃþ¸¸ µû·Î »Ì¾Æ³»¾î ¿ø·¡ÀÇ °ª¿¡ ÀÏÁ¤ºñÀ²¸¸Å °öÇÑ »õ ÇÇÄ¡°èÃþ°ªÀ» ´ëüÇÏ¿© Àç»ýÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù.
soundName$=selected$("Sound")
for i from 1 to 3
rate=1-'i'*0.1
newName$="'soundName$'"+"'i'"
select Sound 'soundName$'
To Manipulation... 0.01 75 600
Rename... 'newName$'
Extract pitch tier
Rename... 'newName$'
Formula... self*'rate'
select Manipulation 'newName$'
plus PitchTier 'newName$'
Replace pitch tier
select Manipulation 'newName$'
Play (PSOLA)
select PitchTier 'newName$'
Remove
endfor
À§ÀÇ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇÏ°í ³ª¸é ±×¸² 3.13°ú °°ÀÌ ¸Ç À§ÀÇ ÇÇÄ¡°ªÀÌ Â÷·Ê·Î ÀÏÁ¤ºñÀ²·Î ³»·Á°¡°Ô ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
±×¸² 3.13 ÇÇÄ¡ ³·Ãß±â
3.9 À½¼ºÀÇ ÇÇÄ¡, Å©±â, ¼Óµµ¸¦ ¸ðµÎ ³·Ãß±â
À§ÀÇ ¼¼ °¡Áö À½¼ºº¯Çü°úÁ¤À» µ¿½Ã¿¡ ÁøÇàÇÏ¿© Àü¹ÝÀûÀ¸·Î ¼Óµµ¿Í, Å©±â¿Í ³ôÀ̸¦ ³»¸®´Â ÆÄÀÏ·Î ¸¸µé·Á¸é ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ ¸¸µé¸é µÈ´Ù. ¿©±â¼ pitchrate¿Í amprate, durrate´Â °¢°¢ÀÇ º¯¼ö¸¦ ³·Ãß´Â ºñÀ²À» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ³·Ã߾´Â ¼ø¼´Â ¸ÕÀú ¼Óµµ¸¦ º¯ÇüÇÑ ´ÙÀ½, ÀÌ ÆÄÀÏÀ» À½¼ºÆÄÀÏ·Î ¸¸µç µÚ ÇÇÄ¡°èÃþ°ªÀ» º¯ÇüÇÏ°í ¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î ¼Ò¸®ÀÇ Å©±â¸¦ ÁÙÀδÙ. ÀÌ·¸°Ô º¯ÇüµÈ À½¼ºÆÄÀÏÀ» Çϵåµð½ºÅ©¿¡ ÀúÀåÇÏ´Â ¸í·É¾î´Â Write to AIFC file... C:\Praat\'ampName$'Àε¥ Çϵåµð½ºÅ© °æ·Î¸¦ »ç¿ëÀÚÀÇ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍÀÇ °æ·Î¿¡ ¸Â°Ô ÁöÁ¤Çϰí ÁÙ ¸Ç ¾Õ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â !¸¦ ¾ø¾Ö¸é µÈ´Ù.
soundName$=selected$("Sound")
dur=Get duration
durhalf='dur'/2
for i from 1 to 3
pitchrate=1-'i'*0.1
durrate=1+'i'*0.2
amprate=1-'i'*0.2
pitchName$="'soundName$'"+"pitch"
durName$="'soundName$'"+"dur"
ampName$="'soundName$'"+"amp"+"'i'"
select Sound 'soundName$'
To Manipulation... 0.01 75 600
Rename... 'durName$'
Edit
editor Manipulation 'durName$'
Add duration point at... 'durhalf' 'durrate'
Publish resynthesis
Close
endeditor
Rename... 'pitchName$'
To Manipulation... 0.01 75 600
Rename... 'pitchName$'
Extract pitch tier
Rename... 'pitchName$'
Formula... self*'pitchrate'
select Manipulation 'pitchName$'
plus PitchTier 'pitchName$'
Replace pitch tier
select Manipulation 'pitchName$'
Edit
editor Manipulation 'pitchName$'
Publish resynthesis
Close
endeditor
Rename... 'ampName$'
Formula... self*'amprate'
Play
! Write to AIFC file... C:\Praat\kwon\'ampName$'
select Manipulation 'durName$'
Remove
select Manipulation 'pitchName$'
Remove
select Sound 'ampName$'
Remove
select Sound 'pitchName$'
Remove
select PitchTier 'pitchName$'
Remove
endfor
Á¦ 4 Àå ³í¹®¿¡ »ç¿ëµÈ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®
4.1 ³²¼ºÀÇ ¼ýÀÚÀ½ ¹ß¼º¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³ ÈÀÚº¯ÀÌ
ÀÌ ³í¹®¿¡¼´Â ³²¼ºÀÌ ¹ß¼ºÇÑ ¼ýÀÚÀ½ÀÇ ¹ßÀ½¿¡ ´ëÇØ À¯¼ºÀ½ ±¸°£À» ÃßÀûÇϰí 20°³ÀÇ »ó´ëÀûÀÎ ÁöÁ¡¿¡¼ÀÇ ±¸°£¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÇÇÄ¡, °µµ, Æ÷¸ÕÆ®°ªÀ» ±¸ÇÏ¿© Á¤º¸Ã¢¿¡ Ãâ·ÂÇÏ´Â ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®ÀÌ´Ù. ¾ÕÀÇ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®º¸´Ù´Â ÇÁ·Î½ÃÁ®(procedure)¸¦ ¸¹ÀÌ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© °£·«ÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µé·Á°í ÇØº¸¾Ò´Ù. °´Ã¼Ã¢¿¡ À½¼ºÆÄÀÏÀ» Çϳª ºÒ·¯¿Ã·ÁµÎ°í, ¾Æ·¡ÀÇ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ ºÒ·¯¿Í ½ÇÇà½ÃŰ¸é µÈ´Ù. ¸¸¾à ºÐ¼®ÇÒ À¯¼ºÀ½ ±¸°£ÀÌ 40¹Ð¸®ÃÊ ÀÌÇÏÀÌ¸é ºÒÃæºÐÇÑ À½¼ºÆÄÇüÀÚ·á(Insufficient waveform data)¶ó°í Ãâ·ÂÇÏ°í ¸ØÃá´Ù. Á¤º¸Ã¢¿¡ Ãâ·ÂµÈ À½¼ººÐ¼® ÆÄ¶ó¹ÌÅͰªÀ» ¿¢¼¿¿¡ º¸³»¾î ¼öÁýÇØµµ ÁÁ°í, ¸¸¾à Á÷Á¢ ÆÄÀÏ·Î ÀúÀåÇÏ·Á¸é ¾Æ·¡ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ® °¡¿îµ¥ ´ÙÀ½ ºÎºÐÀÇ !¸¦ ¾ø¾Ö¸é ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ µð½ºÅ©¿¡ ÆÄÀÏÀ̸§.rs·Î ÅØ½ºÆ®·Î ÀÚµ¿ ÀúÀåµÈ´Ù.
! fileappend C:\Praat\'soundName$'.rs 'j''tab$''db:0''tab$''fm0:0''tab$''fm1:0''tab$''fm2:0''tab$''fm3:0''newline$'
! fileappend C:\Praat\'soundName$'.rs 'j''tab$''db:0''tab$''fm0:0''tab$''fm1:0''tab$''fm2:0''tab$''fm3:0''newline$'
³í¹®Àº http://hyomin.dongeui.ac.kr/~bgyang/malepercep.pdfÀ» È®ÀÎÇϱ⠹ٶõ´Ù.
<20pointanalysis#.sk>
call setting
call sylpoint
call analyzer
call remover
procedure sylpoint
select Pitch 'soundName$'
while f0=0 and 'timer'<'dur'
f0=Get value at time... timer Hertz Linear
call f00
timer='timer'+0.005
endwhile
onsetpnt='timer'-0.005
while f0>0 and 'timer'<'dur'
Get value at time... timer Hertz Linear
l f00
er='timer'+0.005
endwhile
offsetpnt='timer'-0.01
endproc
procedure f00
f0=Get value at time... timer Hertz Linear
if f0=undefined
f0=0
endif
endproc
procedure analyzer
syldur='offsetpnt'-'onsetpnt'
if syldur<0.04
print Insufficient wafeform data 'newline$'
else
sylratio='syldur'/20
for j from 1 to 19
timer='j'*'sylratio'+'onsetpnt'
call collecter
print 'j''tab$''db:0''tab$''fm0:0''tab$''fm1:0''tab$''fm2:0''tab$''fm3:0''newline$'
! fileappend C:\Praat\'soundName$'.rs 'j''tab$''db:0''tab$''fm0:0''tab$''fm1:0''tab$''fm2:0''tab$''fm3:0''newline$'
endfor
endif
endproc
procedure setting
soundName$=selected$("Sound")
select Sound 'soundName$'
dur=Get duration
finish='dur'-0.04
clearinfo
print Point'tab$'db'tab$'fm0'tab$'fm1'tab$'fm2'tab$'fm3'newline$'
! fileappend C:\Praat\'soundName$'.rs Point'tab$'db'tab$'fm0'tab$'fm1'tab$'fm2'tab$'fm3'newline$'
Erase all
Viewport... 0.5 7 0.5 6
To Spectrogram... 0.005 5000 0.002 30 Gaussian
Paint... 0 0 0 0 100 yes 30 6 0 yes
select Sound 'soundName$'
To Pitch (ac)... 0.005 75 3 yes 0.03 0.45 0.01 0.35 0.14 500
Red
Draw... 0 0 0 400 no
select Sound 'soundName$'
To Intensity... 100 0.005
Lime
Draw... 0 0 30 110 no
select Sound 'soundName$'
To Formant (burg)... 0 5 5000 0.025 50
Navy
Speckle... 0 0 5000 30 no
f0=0
timer=0.02
endproc
procedure collecter
call windower
select Pitch 'soundName$'
avf0=Get mean... timeron timeroff Hertz
sdf0=Get standard deviation... timeron timeroff Hertz
f0high='avf0'+3*'sdf0'
f0low='avf0'-3*'sdf0'
fm0=Get value at time... timer Hertz Linear
if fm0=undefined
fm0=0
endif
if fm0>'f0high' or fm0<'f0low'
fm0='avf0'
endif
select Intensity 'soundName$'
avdb=Get mean... timeron timeroff
sddb=Get standard deviation... timeron timeroff
dbhigh='avdb'+3*'sddb'
dblow='avdb'-3*'sddb'
db=Get value at time... timer Cubic
if db=undefined
db=0
endif
if db>'dbhigh' or db<'dblow'
db='avdb'
endif
select Formant 'soundName$'
avf1=Get mean... 1 timeron timeroff Hertz
sdf1=Get standard deviation... 1 timeron timeroff Hertz
avf2=Get mean... 2 timeron timeroff Hertz
sdf2=Get standard deviation... 2 timeron timeroff Hertz
avf3=Get mean... 3 timeron timeroff Hertz
sdf3=Get standard deviation... 3 timeron timeroff Hertz
f1high='avf1'+2*'sdf1'
f1low='avf1'-2*'sdf1'
f2high='avf2'+2*'sdf2'
f2low='avf2'-2*'sdf2'
f3high='avf3'+2*'sdf3'
f3low='avf3'-2*'sdf3'
fm1= Get value at time... 1 timer Hertz Linear
if fm1=undefined
fm1=500
endif
if fm1>'f1high' or fm1<'f1low'
fm1='avf1'
endif
fm2= Get value at time... 2 timer Hertz Linear
if fm2=undefined
fm2=1500
endif
if fm2>'f2high' or fm2<'f2low'
fm2='avf2'
endif
fm3= Get value at time... 3 timer Hertz Linear
if fm3=undefined
fm3=2500
endif
if fm3>'f3high' or fm3<'f3low'
fm3='avf3'
endif
endproc
procedure windower
timeron='timer'-0.01
timeroff='timer'+0.01
endproc
procedure remover
select Pitch 'soundName$'
Remove
select Intensity 'soundName$'
Remove
select Formant 'soundName$'
Remove
select Spectrogram 'soundName$'
Remove
endproc
À§ÀÇ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇÏ¸é ¾ÕÀÇ ´Ù¼¸ °³ ÁöÁ¡ÀÇ °ªÀ» ±¸ÇÏ´Â °Í°ú ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î ±×¸²Ã¢¿¡ ÀμâµÇ°í, ¼ýÀÚÀ½ '6'¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼´Â Á¤º¸Ã¢¿¡ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ÀμâµÈ´Ù.
Point db fm0 fm1 fm2 fm3
1 61 147 302 2236 3327
2 64 131 272 2215 3248
3 65 130 269 2259 3148
4 65 128 266 2340 3256
5 66 129 269 2366 3223
6 67 132 275 2304 3114
7 69 137 285 2316 2930
8 72 141 295 2284 2736
9 74 144 301 2143 2517
10 76 146 307 1941 2472
11 76 147 317 1558 2534
12 75 147 342 1403 2642
13 74 146 372 1247 2667
14 75 144 395 1136 2716
15 75 142 402 1001 2718
16 76 139 399 968 2767
17 75 134 390 948 2832
18 73 127 366 905 2852
19 69 121 344 836 2850
4.2 µÎ °³ ÀÌ»óÀÇ À½Àý¿¡ ´ëÇÑ À½ÇâÆÄ¶ó¹ÌÅͰª ±¸Çϱâ
À§ÀÇ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¿¡¼´Â ÇÑ À½Àý·Î µÈ ¼ýÀÚÀ½ÀÇ °µµ, ÇÇÄ¡, Æ÷¸ÕÆ® °ªÀ» ±¸ÇØÁØ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ "¾Æ¹öÁö"¿Í °°ÀÌ ¼¼À½Àý·Î µÈ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ¾î¶»°Ô ÇØ¾ß ÇÒ±î? ¸ÕÀú À½ÀýÀÇ ½ÃÀÛÁ¡°ú ³¡Á¡À» ±¸ÇÏ°í ±× ±¸°£ÀÇ Áö¼Ó½Ã°£ÀÌ 50¹Ð¸®ÃÊ ÀÌ»óÀÏ ¶§´Â ºÐ¼®(analyzer) ÇÁ·Î½ÃÁ®¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇÏ°í ±×·¸Áö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é ºüÁ®³ª°¡µµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù. ¾ÕÀÇ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¿Í´Â ´Ù¸¥ À§Ä¡¿¡ Àμâ¸í·ÉÀ» ³»·Á¾ßÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ Á¦½ÃÇϱâ·Î ÇÑ´Ù.
<20pointsanalysis2syls.sk>
call setting
call sylpoint
call remover
procedure sylpoint
print Point'tab$'db'tab$'fm0'tab$'fm1'tab$'fm2'tab$'fm3'newline$'
! fileappend C:\Praat\'soundName$'.rs Point'tab$'db'tab$'fm0'tab$'fm1'tab$'fm2'tab$'fm3'newline$'
timer=0.02
p=1
f0=0
while 'timer'<'dur'
select Pitch 'soundName$'
while f0=0 and 'timer'<'dur'
f0=Get value at time... timer Hertz Linear
call f00
timer='timer'+0.005
endwhile
onsetpnt='timer'-0.005
while f0>0 and 'timer'<'dur'
f0=Get value at time... timer Hertz Linear
call f00
timer='timer'+0.005
endwhile
offsetpnt='timer'-0.01
syldur='offsetpnt'-'onsetpnt'
if syldur>0.05
print Syllable Number 'p''newline$'
sylratio='syldur'/20
for j from 1 to 20
timer='j'*'sylratio'+'onsetpnt'
call collecter
print 'j''tab$''db:0''tab$''fm0:0''tab$''fm1:0''tab$''fm2:0''tab$''fm3:0''newline$'
! fileappend C:\Praat\'soundName$'.rs 'j''tab$''db:0''tab$''fm0:0''tab$''fm1:0''tab$''fm2:0''tab$''fm3:0''newline$'
endfor
p='p'+1
endif
endwhile
endproc
procedure f00
f0=Get value at time... timer Hertz Linear
if f0=undefined
f0=0
endif
endproc
procedure setting
soundName$=selected$("Sound")
select Sound 'soundName$'
dur=Get duration
finish='dur'-0.04
clearinfo
Erase all
Viewport... 0.5 7 0.5 6
To Spectrogram... 0.005 5000 0.002 30 Gaussian
Paint... 0 0 0 0 100 yes 30 6 0 yes
select Sound 'soundName$'
To Pitch (ac)... 0.005 75 3 yes 0.03 0.45 0.01 0.35 0.14 500
Red
Draw... 0 0 0 400 no
select Sound 'soundName$'
To Intensity... 100 0.005
Lime
Draw... 0 0 30 110 no
select Sound 'soundName$'
To Formant (burg)... 0 5 5000 0.025 50
Navy
Speckle... 0 0 5000 30 no
endproc
procedure collecter
call windower
select Pitch 'soundName$'
avf0=Get mean... timeron timeroff Hertz
sdf0=Get standard deviation... timeron timeroff Hertz
f0high='avf0'+3*'sdf0'
f0low='avf0'-3*'sdf0'
fm0=Get value at time... timer Hertz Linear
if fm0=undefined
fm0=0
endif
if fm0>'f0high' or fm0<'f0low'
fm0='avf0'
endif
select Intensity 'soundName$'
avdb=Get mean... timeron timeroff
sddb=Get standard deviation... timeron timeroff
dbhigh='avdb'+3*'sddb'
dblow='avdb'-3*'sddb'
db=Get value at time... timer Cubic
if db=undefined
db=0
endif
if db>'dbhigh' or db<'dblow'
db='avdb'
endif
select Formant 'soundName$'
avf1=Get mean... 1 timeron timeroff Hertz
sdf1=Get standard deviation... 1 timeron timeroff Hertz
avf2=Get mean... 2 timeron timeroff Hertz
sdf2=Get standard deviation... 2 timeron timeroff Hertz
avf3=Get mean... 3 timeron timeroff Hertz
sdf3=Get standard deviation... 3 timeron timeroff Hertz
f1high='avf1'+2*'sdf1'
f1low='avf1'-2*'sdf1'
f2high='avf2'+2*'sdf2'
f2low='avf2'-2*'sdf2'
f3high='avf3'+2*'sdf3'
f3low='avf3'-2*'sdf3'
fm1= Get value at time... 1 timer Hertz Linear
if fm1=undefined
fm1=500
endif
if fm1>'f1high' or fm1<'f1low'
fm1='avf1'
endif
fm2= Get value at time... 2 timer Hertz Linear
if fm2=undefined
fm2=1500
endif
if fm2>'f2high' or fm2<'f2low'
fm2='avf2'
endif
fm3= Get value at time... 3 timer Hertz Linear
if fm3=undefined
fm3=2500
endif
if fm3>'f3high' or fm3<'f3low'
fm3='avf3'
endif
endproc
procedure windower
timeron='timer'-0.01
timeroff='timer'+0.01
endproc
procedure remover
select Pitch 'soundName$'
Remove
select Intensity 'soundName$'
Remove
select Formant 'soundName$'
Remove
select Spectrogram 'soundName$'
Remove
endproc
À§ÀÇ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ "¾Æ¹öÁö"¶ó´Â ´Ü¾î¿¡ ½ÇÇàÇÏ¸é ±×¸²Ã¢¿¡´Â ±×¸² 4.1°ú °°ÀÌ ÀμâµÈ´Ù.
±×¸² 4.1 '¾Æ¹öÁö' ºÐ¼® °á°úâ
Á¤º¸Ã¢¿¡´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³ª°Ô µÈ´Ù.
Point db fm0 fm1 fm2 fm3
Syllable Number 1
1 65 153 761 1421 2859
2 70 146 767 1394 2832
3 73 136 785 1419 2822
4 74 134 798 1377 2781
5 76 130 793 1314 2699
6 76 128 807 1321 2749
7 76 127 801 1402 2778
8 77 126 783 1366 2721
9 77 126 784 1346 2698
10 77 126 792 1358 2734
11 77 126 790 1365 2751
12 77 127 787 1330 2712
13 77 127 781 1335 2715
14 77 127 763 1309 2702
15 77 128 743 1292 2693
16 77 128 721 1283 2699
17 76 128 718 1285 2699
18 76 128 710 1258 2696
19 75 127 685 1207 2699
20 72 126 642 1128 2683
Syllable Number 2
1 73 156 473 1175 2646
2 76 153 462 1191 2665
3 77 151 462 1205 2680
4 78 151 463 1205 2686
5 78 150 465 1205 2678
6 78 150 466 1205 2685
7 78 150 470 1208 2698
8 78 150 473 1208 2694
9 77 149 477 1207 2680
10 77 148 480 1212 2685
11 77 148 479 1214 2692
12 76 147 483 1232 2701
13 76 147 482 1238 2707
14 76 147 487 1273 2729
15 76 147 485 1301 2733
16 75 146 485 1344 2736
17 75 145 485 1426 2714
18 75 145 464 1498 2714
19 74 143 429 1580 2774
20 68 142 393 1606 2855
Syllable Number 3
1 69 133 344 2155 2933
2 70 131 341 2181 2960
3 69 128 354 2196 2940
4 69 124 358 2208 2939
5 70 121 354 2215 2931
6 70 119 354 2207 2948
7 70 117 351 2209 2938
8 69 114 351 2219 2929
9 69 112 348 2206 2941
10 68 110 348 2224 2963
11 67 108 349 2231 2955
12 67 104 349 2268 2968
13 66 102 351 2294 2970
14 66 100 348 2238 2935
15 65 98 351 2213 2979
16 65 95 351 2192 2946
17 64 93 354 2251 2950
18 62 92 356 2238 2982
19 60 92 327 2207 2941
20 57 91 204 2208 2964
ÀÌ ¼¼ °³ÀÇ À½ÀýÀÇ °¢ À½ÇâÆÄ¶ó¹ÌÅ͸¦ ¿¢¼¿·Î º¸³»¾î ±×¸² 4.2¿Í °°ÀÌ ±×·¡ÇÁ·Î ±ò²ûÇÏ°Ô ³ªÅ¸³¾ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. xÃà°ú yÃàÀÇ Á֯ļö Ç¥½Ã³ª ½Ã°£Á¡ Ç¥½Ã´Â ±×·¡ÇÁ ¼Ó¼ºÀ» Á¶Á¤ÇÏ¿© ³ªÅ¸³»¸é µÈ´Ù.
±×¸² 4.2 ÇÇÄ¡ Æ÷¸ÕÆ® Á֯ļö °á°ú º¸À̱â
½ÇÁ¦ ÁøÆø°ªÀÇ º¯È¿Í ÇÇÄ¡°ªÀº Æ÷¸ÕÆ® Á֯ļö¿¡ ºñÇØ ¸Å¿ì ³·±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ÀÓÀÇ·Î ÁøÆø°ªÀ» 15¹è ÇÇÄ¡°ªÀ» 12¹èÇÏ°í ±½±â´Â 5Æ÷ÀÎÆ®·Î ÇÏ°í ³ª¸ÓÁö Æ÷¸ÕÆ®°ªÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ±×·¡ÇÁ´Â 2Æ÷ÀÎÆ®·Î ÁöÁ¤ÇÏ¿© ±×·¡ÇÁ·Î ³ªÅ¸³»¸é ±×¸² 4.3°ú °°ÀÌ ±×¸± ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. Á֯ļöÃàÀÇ ¼ýÀÚ°¡ ÀÚ¸´¼ö°¡ ¸¹±â ¶§¹®¿¡ À̸¦ ÁÙÀÌ·Á¸é ¿¢¼¿ÀÇ 1/1000ÀÇ °ø½ÄÀ» Ȱ¿ëÇØ kHz·Î ³ªÅ¸³¾ Çʿ䰡 ÀÖ´Ù. ³Ê¹« ¸¹Àº ¼ýÀÚ³ª ±ÛÀÚ°¡ ÀÖÀ¸¸é º¸´Â »ç¶÷ÀÇ ´«ÀÇ ÁýÁßµµµµ ³·¾ÆÁö°Ô µÇ¹Ç·Î °¡´ÉÇÏ¸é ´Ü¼øÇÏ°í °·ÂÇÑ ÀλóÀ» ÁÙ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ±×·¡ÇÁ¸¦ ¸¸µé±â ¹Ù¶õ´Ù.
±×¸² 4.3 ÇÇÄ¡¿Í ÁøÆø°ªÀ» °öÇÏ¿© ³ªÅ¸³½ ±×¸²
4.3 ¶ó¸µ°í±×¶óÇÁ ½ÅÈ£¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ ¸éÀû°ª°ú º¯ÈÀ² ºñ±³
ÀÌ ³í¹®¿¡¼´Â 10ÃÊ Á¤µµÀÇ ÇÕ¼ºÀ½ '¾Æ'¸¦ µéÀ¸¸ç °°Àº ÇÇÄ¡·Î ¾à 5Ãʰ£ ¸ðÀ½À» ¹ß¼ºÇÏ°Ô ÇÑ µÚ ÇÇÇèÀÚÀÇ ¼º´ë¿¡ ºÎÂøÇÑ Àü±ØÀ¸·Î µé¾î¿À´Â ½ÅÈ£¸¦ ¿µ±¹¿¡¼ °³¹ßµÈ ¶ó¸µ°í±×·¡ÇÁ¿Í ÃÖ±Ù¿¡ ºÎ»ê´ëÇк´¿ø¿¡¼ °³¹ßÇÑ ¶ó¸µ°í±×¶óÇÁ¿¡ ÀÔ·ÂÇÏ¿© ó¸®µÈ ½ÅÈ£ÀÇ ¹Ì¼¼ÇÑ Â÷À̰ªÀ» ºñ±³ÇÏ·Á°í Çß´Ù. ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀ¸·Î´Â ¶ó¸µ°í±×¶óÇÁÀÇ ½ÅÈ£¿¡¼ ³ªÅ¸³ ¼º´ëÀÇ Á¢Ã˺κаú ¿¸° ºÎºÐÀÇ °µµ°ªÀ» Çϳª¾¿ ´õÇÑ ¸éÀû°ªÀÇ ºñÀ²À» ±¸ÇÏ¿© ºñ±³Çß´Ù. ¿ø·¡ÀÇ ³í¹®Àº http://hyomin.dongeui.ac.kr/ ~bgyang/200303laryn.PDF¿¡ ½Ç·Á ÀÖ´Ù. ¾Æ·¡ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®´Â ¸ÕÀú À½¼ºÆÄÀÏÀ» 50¿¡¼ 4,000 Hz±îÁö ´ë¿ªÅë°ú ½ÃŲ ´ÙÀ½ °¢ ¼º¹®ÆÄÇüÀÇ +/-±âÈ£°¡ ¹Ý´ë·Î ³ªÅ¸³µ±â ¶§¹®¿¡ -self°ø½ÄÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ¹Ù²Û µÚ¿¡ ºÎÈ£°¡ ¹Ù²î´Â ÁöÁ¡À» ã¾Æ ¾ç¼ö·Î µÈ ÁöÁ¡±îÁöÀÇ ¸éÀû°ª°ú À½¼ö·Î µÈ ÁöÁ¡ÀÇ ¸éÀû°ªÀ» ±¸ÇÏ¿© ¼º´ëÀÇ ¿©´ÝÀ½ÀÇ ºñÀ²°ªÀ» °è»êÇϰí ÀÌ ÁöÁ¡ ³¢¸® »©¾î¼ Áö¼Ó½Ã°£À» ±¸ÇÏ¿© ÇÇÄ¡°ªÀ» ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù.
<laryngo.sk>
clearinfo
number=1
filename$="lar"+"'number'"
filenamefull$="lar"+"'number'"+".wav"
Read from file... C:\MyDocuments\NormalData\'filenamefull$'
Filter (pass Hann band)... 50 4000 100
filenameband$="'filename$'"+"_band"
select Sound 'filenameband$'
Rename... 'filename$'
dur=Get duration
numsample=40000
samper=Get sample period
finish='dur'-0.04
call setting
call startingpoint
call endingpoint
call sylpoint
procedure setting
i=1
j=1
p=1
sumcontact=0
sumopen=0
endproc
procedure startingpoint
valindex=Get value at index... 'i'
if 'valindex'<0
while 'valindex'<0 and 'i'<'numsample'
i='i'+1
valindex=Get value at index... 'i'
endwhile
else
while 'valindex'>=0 and 'i'<'numsample'
i='i'+1
valindex=Get value at index... 'i'
endwhile
while 'valindex'<0 and 'i'<'numsample'
i='i'+1
valindex=Get value at index... 'i'
endwhile
endif
endproc
procedure endingpoint
j='numsample'
valindex=Get value at index... 'j'
if 'valindex'<0
while 'valindex'<0
j='j'-1
valindex=Get value at index... 'j'
endwhile
while 'valindex'>=0
j='j'-1
valindex=Get value at index... 'j'
endwhile
else
while 'valindex'>=0
j='j'-1
valindex=Get value at index... 'j'
endwhile
endif
endindex='j'+1
endproc
procedure sylpoint
while 'valindex'<0 and 'i'<'endindex'
i='i'+1
valindex=Get value at index... 'i'
endwhile
while 'i'<'endindex'
contactonset'p'='i'
while 'valindex'>0 and 'i'<'endindex'
sumcontact='sumcontact'+'valindex'
i='i'+1
valindex=Get value at index... 'i'
endwhile
cindex='i'-1
contactoffset'p'='cindex'
cvalindex=Get value at index... 'cindex'
openonset'p'='i'
while 'valindex'<=0 and 'i'<'endindex'
sumopen=abs('valindex')+'sumopen'
i='i'+1
valindex=Get value at index... 'i'
endwhile
oindex='i'-1
openoffset'p'='oindex'
ovalindex=Get value at index... 'oindex'
call analyzer
p='p'+1
sumcontact=0
sumopen=0
endwhile
endproc
procedure analyzer
copy contactonset'p' contactonsetpnt
copy contactoffset'p' contactoffsetpnt
copy openonset'p' openonsetpnt
copy openoffset'p' openoffsetpnt
pulsedur='openoffsetpnt'-'contactonsetpnt'
f0=1/('samper'*'pulsedur')
opendur='openoffsetpnt'-'openonsetpnt'
openratio=('opendur'/'p-0¤Ä¤Ó'sumopen'
fileappend C:\MyDocuments\NormalData\result
print 'p''tab$''f0:0''tab$''openratio:3''tab$''coratio:3''newline$'
endproc
4.4 Á¼Àº´ë¿ª½ºÆåÆ®·³ÀÇ Â÷À̰ª°ú »ó°ü°è¼ö°ª¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ºñ±³
ÀÌ ¿¬±¸¿¡¼´Â ¿©¼ºÈÀÚ°¡ ¹ßÀ½ÇÑ ¼ýÀÚÀ½ÀÇ ÇÇÄ¡°ª°ú Æ÷¸ÕÆ®°ªÀÇ ÃøÁ¤ÀÌ ¿¡·¯°¡ ¸¹¾Æ¼, À̸¦ ÇÇÇϱâ À§ÇØ Á¼Àº´ë¿ª ½ºÆåÆ®·³ Á¤º¸¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© °³Àκ° ¼ýÀÚÀ½ÀÇ Æ¯Â¡À» ã¾Æ ¸ðµ¨·Î Á¤Çϰí ÈÀÚ³»¿Í ÈÀÚ°£ÀÇ °ªµéÀ» ºñ±³ÇÏ·Á ½ÃµµÇß´Ù. ¾Æ·¡ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®´Â ¿¹¾àÇÔ¼öÀÇ ÀϺΰ¡ ¼öÁ¤µÇ¾úÀ½À» ¹àÇôµÐ´Ù. ³í¹®Àº http:// hyomin.dongeui.ac.kr/~bgyang/200209spiden.PDF¿¡ ½Ç·Á ÀÖ´Ù. ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇϱâ Àü¿¡ C:\Praat\Sounds¶ó´Â Æú´õ¿¡ 21¡25±îÁö ¼ýÀÚÀ½ '1'À̶ó´Â ¼Ò¸®°¡ ´Ù¼¸ ¹ø ¸»ÇÑ °ÍÀÌ °¢°¢ÀÇ ÆÄÀÏ·Î µé¾îÀÖ´Ù°í °¡Á¤ÇÑ´Ù. !speaker$="bg"¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇϸé ÈÀÚÀÇ À̴ϼȷΠµÈ Æú´õ¿¡ ÀúÀåµÈ ÆÄÀÏÀ» ÀÚµ¿À¸·Î ºÒ·¯¿À°Ô ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®´Â Á÷Á¢ ½ÇÇàÇØ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï '21'À̶õ À½¼ºÆÄÀÏÀ» Çϳª¸¸ ºÒ·¯¿Í¼ ó¸®ÇÏ´Â °úÁ¤À» º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù. µÎ ¹øÂ° ÁÙÀÇ !for r from 21 to 25¿Í 15 ¹øÂ° ÁÙÀÇ !endforÀÇ Ã¹¸Ó¸®¿¡ ³ª¿Í ÀÖ´Â ! Ç¥½Ã¸¦ ¾ø¾Ö¸é ÀÚµ¿À¸·Î Çϳª¾¿ ´Ù¼¸ °³ÀÇ ÆÄÀÏÀ» ºÒ·¯¿Í ½ºÆåÆ®·³ Á¤º¸¸¦ Çϵåµð½ºÅ©¿¡ ÀúÀåÇØ ÁØ´Ù. ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®ÀÇ °³°ýÀûÀÎ ½ÇÇà°úÁ¤À» ¼³¸íÇÏ¸é ¸ÕÀú, ºÒ·¯¿Â À½¼º ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÇÇÄ¡¸¦ ±¸Çϰí ÇÇÄ¡°ªÀÌ 0ÀÌ»óÀÎ ½ÃÀÛÁ¡°ú ³¡Á¡À» ±¸ÇÏ¿© Áö¼Ó½Ã°£À» ±¸ÇÑ µÚ À̸¦ 20µîºÐÇÏ¿© óÀ½°ú ³¡ºÎºÐÀ» Á¦¿ÜÇÑ °¢ ½Ã°£Á¡¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¼Àº´ë¿ªÀÇ ½ºÆåÆ®·³À» 3,300 Hz±îÁö ±¸ÇÑ´Ù. Á¼Àº´ë¿ªÀÇ ½ºÆåÆ®·Î±×·¥Àº 0.029ÃÊÀÇ ºÐ¼®±¸°£À¸·Î 3,300 Hz±îÁö 0.001Ãʸ¶´Ù 20 HzÀÇ °£°ÝÀ¸·Î °¡¿ì½Ã¾È âÀ» ¾º¾î 󸮵ȴÙ. ÀÌ ¶§ ½ºÆåÆ®·³ ¼¼ºÎÀûÀÎ Á¤º¸ º¸´Ù´Â °¢ ¹èÀ½»çÀÌÀÇ Â÷À̸¦ ÁÙÀ̱â À§ÇØ ÇÇÄ¡°ª¿¡ °¡±î¿î 150 Hz¸¶´Ù ÀÎÁ¢ ½ºÆåÆ®·³ÀÇ Àå±â°£ Æò±Õ ½ºÆåÆ®·³°ª (Long-term average spectrum)À» 22°³¾¿ ±¸ÇÏ¿© Çϵåµð½ºÅ©¿¡ ÆÄÀÏ·Î ÀúÀåÇØÁØ´Ù.
<narrowspcsave.sk>
!speaker$="bg"
!for r from 21 to 25
r$="22"
Read from file... C:\Praat\Sounds\'r$'
soundName$=selected$("Sound")
spc$="'soundName$'"+".spc"
dur=Get duration
finish='dur'-0.04
duround=round('dur'*1000)
clearinfo
call setting
call sylpoint
call analyze
call removeall
!endfor
procedure sylpoint
select Pitch 'soundName$'
while 'f0'=0 and 'timer'<'finish'
f0=Get value at time... timer Hertz Linear
call f00
timer='timer'+0.005
endwhile
onsetpnt='timer'-0.005
while f0>0 and 'timer'<'finish'
f0=Get value at time... timer Hertz Linear
call f00
timer='timer'+0.005
endwhile
offsetpnt='timer'-0.01
endproc
procedure f00
f0=Get value at time... timer Hertz Linear
if f0=undefined
f0=0
endif
endproc
procedure analyze
syldur='offsetpnt'-'onsetpnt'
if 'syldur'>0.04
sylratio='syldur'/20
timer='sylratio'+'onsetpnt'
call loopone
for k from 2 to 19
timer='k'*'sylratio'+'onsetpnt'
call looptwo
endfor
select Matrix matemp
Write to short text file... C:\Praat\Sounds\'spc$'
select Matrix matemp
Remove
endif
endproc
procedure setting
i=1
j=1
k=1
p=1
q=1
x=1
mm=0
timer=0
f0=0
select Sound 'soundName$'
Filter (pre-emphasis)... 50
Rename... 'soundName$'
To Spectrogram... 0.029 3300 0.001 20 Gaussian
select Sound 'soundName$'
To Pitch (ac)... 0.005 75 3 yes 0.03 0.45 0.01 0.35 0.14 500
gf0mean=Get mean... 0 0 Hertz
gf0stdev=Get standard deviation... 0 0 Hertz
gf0high='gf0mean'+'gf0stdev'
gf0low='gf0mean'-'gf0stdev'
endproc
procedure pitcher
call window
select Pitch 'soundName$'
call avsdf0
call f00
if 'f0'>'f0high' or 'f0'<'f0low' or 'f0'>500 or 'f0'<70
f0='avf0'
endif
if 'f0'=undefined
f0=0
endif
if 'f0'>'gf0mean'+3*'gf0stdev'
f0='gf0mean'+randomInteger(3,0)
endif
f0=round('f0')
endproc
procedure avsdf0
call window
avf0=Get mean... avon avoff Hertz
sdf0=Get standard deviation... avon avoff Hertz
f0high='avf0'+3*'sdf0'
f0low='avf0'-3*'sdf0'
endproc
procedure loopone
select Spectrogram 'soundName$'
To Spectrum (slice)... timer
To Ltas... 150
To Matrix
Copy... matemp
call loopremove
endproc
procedure looptwo
select Spectrogram 'soundName$'
To Spectrum (slice)... timer
To Ltas... 150
To Matrix
Copy... k
select Matrix matemp
plus Matrix k
Merge (append rows)
select Matrix matemp
Remove
select Matrix matemp_k
Rename... matemp
select Matrix k
Remove
call loopremove
endproc
procedure loopremove
select Ltas 'soundName$'
Remove
select Spectrum 'soundName$'
Remove
select Matrix 'soundName$'
Remove
endproc
procedure removeall
select Pitch 'soundName$'
Remove
select Spectrogram 'soundName$'
Remove
select Sound 'soundName$'
Remove
endproc
ÀÌ·¸°Ô ±¸ÇØÁø ½ºÆåÆ®·³ Á¤º¸ÆÄÀÏÀÎ 21.spc¸¦ »ìÆìº¸¸é ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù.
File type = "ooTextFile short"
"Matrix"
0
3300
22
150
75
1
1
19
1
1
68.73555
82.301048
88.528564
75.542709
72.970444
<ÀÌÇÏ »ý·«>
ÀÌ·¸°Ô ¼öÁýµÈ ½ºÆåÆ®·³ Á¤º¸ÀÇ ¸ðµ¨À» ¸¸µé±â À§Çؼ´Â °³Àκ°·Î ´Ù¼¸ ¹øÀÇ ¹ßÀ½¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °¢ ½Ã°£Á¡ÀÇ ½ºÆåÆ®·³ Á¤º¸ÀÇ Æò±ÕÀ» ±¸ÇÏ¿© ÇϳªÀÇ ÆÄÀÏ·Î ÀúÀåÇÑ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®´Â ´Ù¼¸ °³ÀÇ *.spcÆÄÀÏÀ» ºÒ·¯¿Í Æò±Õ°ªÀ» ±¸ÇØ Çϵåµð½ºÅ©¿¡ ÀúÀåÇØÁØ´Ù.
<fivematrixave.sk>
for r from 21 to 25
name$="'r'"
Read from file... C:\Praat\Sounds\'name$'.spc
endfor
j=21
j2=j+1
j3=j+2
j4=j+3
j5=j+4
select Matrix 'j'
plus Matrix 'j2'
Merge (append rows)
plus Matrix 'j3'
Merge (append rows)
plus Matrix 'j4'
Merge (append rows)
plus Matrix 'j5'
Merge (append rows)
Rename... five
for k from 21 to 25
select Matrix 'k'
Remove
endfor
select Matrix 21_22
Remove
select Matrix 23_21_22
Remove
select Matrix 24_23_21_22
Remove
select Matrix five
for i from 1 to 22
for j from 1 to 19
j2=j+19
j3=j2+19
j4=j3+19
j5=j4+19
r1=Get value in cell... j i
r2=Get value in cell... j2 i
r3=Get value in cell... j3 i
r4=Get value in cell... j4 i
r5=Get value in cell... j5 i
ave=round((r1+r2+r3+r4+r5)/5)
Set value... j i 'ave'
endfor
endfor
Create Matrix... final 0 3300 22 150 75 1 1 19 1 1 0
for i from 1 to 22
for j from 1 to 19
select Matrix five
new=Get value in cell... j i
select Matrix final
Set value... j i 'new'
endfor
endfor
select Matrix five
Remove
select Matrix final
Write to short text file... C:\Praat\Sounds\'name$'.final
Remove
ÀÌ·¸°Ô ¸ðµ¨À» ¸¸µç µÚ 25.final·Î µÈ Çà·Ä ÆÄÀÏÀ» ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¹ß¼ºÇÑ ¼ýÀÚÀ½ÀÇ ¸ðµ¨°ª ¶Ç´Â °°Àº »ç¶÷ÀÌ ³ªÁß¿¡ ¹ß¼ºÇÑ µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ¼ýÀÚÀ½°ú »óÈ£ ºñ±³ÇÏ¿© »ó°ü°è¼ö¿Í Àý´ëÂ÷ÀÌÇÕÀ» ±¸ÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù. ¿©±â¼´Â ÇÑ °³ÀÇ ¸ðµ¨°ú µ¿ÀÏÇÑ »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¹ß¼ºÇÑ ¼ýÀÚÀ½À» ºñ±³ÇÏ´Â ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ ¼Ò°³ÇÑ´Ù.
<matcorrdiff.sk>
clearinfo
Read from file... C:\Praat\Sounds\model.spc
Read from file... C:\Praat\Sounds\26.spc
mat1$="model"
mat2$="26"
select Matrix 'mat1$'
nocol=Get number of columns
norow=Get number of rows
totcol='nocol'*'norow'
select Matrix 'mat1$'
sumx=0
for c from 1 to 'nocol'
for r from 1 to 'norow'
xn=Get value in cell... 'r' 'c'
sumx='sumx'+'xn'
endfor
endfor
sumy=0
select Matrix 'mat2$'
for c from 1 to 'nocol'
for r from 1 to 'norow'
yn=Get value in cell... 'r' 'c'
sumy='sumy'+'yn'
endfor
endfor
select Matrix 'mat1$'
sumxx=0
for c from 1 to 'nocol'
for r from 1 to 'norow'
xn=Get value in cell... 'r' 'c'
sumxx='sumxx'+'xn'*'xn'
endfor
endfor
select Matrix 'mat2$'
sumyy=0
for c from 1 to 'nocol'
for r from 1 to 'norow'
yn=Get value in cell... 'r' 'c'
sumyy='sumyy'+'yn'*'yn'
endfor
endfor
sumxy=0
diffxy=0
for c from 1 to 'nocol'
for r from 1 to 'norow'
select Matrix 'mat1$'
xn=Get value in cell... 'r' 'c'
select Matrix 'mat2$'
yn=Get value in cell... 'r' 'c'
sumxy='sumxy'+'xn'*'yn'
diffxy='diffxy'+abs('xn'-'yn')
endfor
endfor
rxy=(('totcol'*'sumxy'-('sumx'*'sumy')))/(((('totcol'*'sumxx')-('sumx')^2))^0.5*(('totcol'*'sumyy'-('sumy')^2))^0.5)
print 'mat1$' vs 'mat2$' Coefficients 'rxy:4' AbsoluteDiffSum 'diffxy:0'
À§ÀÇ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇϸé Á¤º¸Ã¢¿¡ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ÀμâµÈ´Ù.
model vs 26 Coefficients 0.9060 AbsoluteDiffSum 1588
À§ÀÇ °á°ú´Â ¼ýÀÚÀ½ 21¿¡¼ 25¹ø±îÁöÀÇ Æò±Õ¸ðµ¨¿¡ ´ëÇØ 26¹øÀÇ À½¼ºÀº »ó°ü°è¼ö°¡ 0.9060ÀÌ°í ¼·Î ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏ´Â Á֯ļö´ëÀÇ Àý´ëÂ÷ÀÌÇÕÀÌ 1588 µ¥½Ãº§À̶ó´Â Àǹ̸¦ ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù.
4.5 ´ë¿ªº°·Î ¿©°úÇÑ À½¼º°µµÀÇ Â÷À̰ª°ú »ó°ü°è¼ö¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ÈÀÚÈ®ÀÎ ¿¬±¸
ÀÌ ³í¹®¿¡¼´Â ½ºÆåÆ®·³ Á¤º¸º¸´Ù´Â ¾ÈÁ¤ÀûÀÎ À½¼ºÆÄÇüÀÇ ÁøÆø°ªÀ» Ȱ¿ëÇϱâ À§ÇØ À½¼ºÀ» ´ë¿ªº°·Î ¿©°úÇÑ µÚ ±¸ÇÑ °µµ°ª °î¼±À» ÀÏÁ¤ÇÑ °³¼ö·Î ³ª´« µÚ °¢ ½Ã°£Á¡ÀÇ °ªµéÀ» ±¸ÇÏ¿© »ó°ü°è¼ö¿Í Â÷À̰ªÀ» ºñ±³ÇÏ·Á Çß´Ù. º»¹®Àº http://hyomin.dongeui.ac.kr/~bgyang/200306filter.PDFÀ» Àо±â ¹Ù¶õ´Ù. À½¼ººÐ¼®Àº "À°¹é Ä¥½Ê ÆÈ"À̶ó°í ¾à 4ÃÊ À̳»¿¡ ´Ù¼¸ ¹ø ¹ßÀ½ÇÑ °ÍÀ» Çϵåµð½ºÅ©¿¡ ÀúÀåÇÑ´Ù. Çϳª¾¿ ºÒ·¯¿Â À½¼ºÆÄÀÏÀÇ Àüü °µµ°ªÀÇ Æò±Õ°ú Ç¥ÁØÆíÂ÷¸¦ ±¸ÇÏ¿© (Æò±Õ+1/5Ç¥ÁØÆíÂ÷)¿¡ ÇØ´çÇÏ´Â °µµÀÇ ¹®ÅΰªÀ» ±¸ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ ¹®ÅΰªÀ» °µµ°ª °´Ã¼ÀÇ Ã³À½ºÎÅÍ Ã£¾Æ³»¾î ½ÃÀÛÁ¡À¸·Î ÁöÁ¤Çϰí, ³¡ºÎºÐ¿¡¼ ã¾Æ³»¾î ³¡Á¡À¸·Î ÁöÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ·¸°Ô ÇÏ¿© ½ÃÀÛ°ú ³¡ ºÎºÐÀÇ ¹¬À½±â°£À» Á¦¿ÜÇÑ À½¼ººÎºÐ¸¸ ¼±ÅÃÇÏ¿© °´Ã¼Ã¢¿¡ ¿Ã¸°´Ù. À̾î¼, À½¼ººÎºÐÀ¸·Î¸¸ µÈ °´Ã¼¸¦ 200 Hz¿¡¼ 4,200 Hz»çÀ̸¦ 800 Hz°£°ÝÀ¸·Î ´Ù¼¸ °³ÀÇ ´ë¿ªÀ¸·Î ¿©°úÇÑ´Ù. ¿©°úµÈ ´Ù¼¸ °³ÀÇ À½¼ºÆÄÇü¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °µµ°ªÀ» ±¸Çϰí ÀüüÁö¼Ó½Ã°£À» 100µîºÐÇÑ »ó´ëÀûÀÎ ½Ã°£Á¡ÀÇ °µµ°ªÀ» ±¸ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ ¶§ °µµ°¡ ÀÏÁ¤¼öÁØÀÌÇÏ(Æò±Õ-1/5Ç¥ÁØÆíÂ÷)¿¡ ÇØ´çÇÏ¸é µ¿ÀÏÇÑ °ªÀ» ºÎ¿©ÇÑ´Ù. Çѹø ¹ßÀ½ÇÑ À½¼º¿¡¼ 5°³ÀÇ ¿©°úµÈ 100°³ÀÇ ½Ã°£Á¡¿¡¼ ±¸ÇÑ 500°³ÀÇ °ªµéÀ» ±¸ÇÏ°í ´ÙÀ½ ¹ø¿¡ ¹ßÀ½ÇÑ À½¼º¿¡¼ ±¸ÇÑ °ªÀÇ »ó°ü°è¼ö¿Í Àý´ëÂ÷ÀÌÇÕÀ» ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
´ÙÀ½ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®´Â Çϵåµð½ºÅ©¿¡ ¼ýÀÚÀ½ 678À» ´Ù¼¸ ¹ø ¹ßÀ½ÇÑ ÆÄÀÏ(678_100, 678_148, 678_183, 678_187,678_236)ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù°í °¡Á¤ÇÏ°í ¸¸µé¾îÁø °ÍÀÌ´Ù. 678 ´ÙÀ½¿¡ ¿À´Â ¼ýÀÚ´Â ´Ù¸¥ ¼ýÀÚÀ½°ú µÚ¼¯¾î¼ ¹ßÀ½Çϵµ·Ï ¿ä±¸Ç߱⠶§¹®¿¡ ºÙ¿©Áø °ÍÀÌ´Ù. À½¼º½ÇÇè¿¡¼ ¿¬ÀÌ¾î °°Àº ¼ýÀÚÀ½À» ¹ßÀ½ÇÏ°Ô Çϸé ÃʺÐÀýÀ½¿¡¼ º¯È°¡ ¸¹Àº °æ¿ì°¡ ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î À̸¦ ÇÇÇϰí ÀÚ¿¬¼ºÀ» »ì¸®±â À§ÇØ ÀÓÀÇÀÇ ¼ø¼·Î Á¦½ÃÇÑ´Ù.
<dbcordiff.sk>
clearinfo
call readanalyze 678_100
call readanalyze 678_148
call readanalyze 678_183
call readanalyze 678_187
call readanalyze 678_236
call rdiff 678_100 678_148
call rdiff 678_100 678_183
call rdiff 678_100 678_187
call rdiff 678_100 678_236
call rdiff 678_148 678_183
call rdiff 678_148 678_187
call rdiff 678_148 678_236
call rdiff 678_183 678_187
call rdiff 678_183 678_236
call rdiff 678_187 678_236
select Matrix 678_100
Remove
select Matrix 678_148
Remove
select Matrix 678_183
Remove
select Matrix 678_187
Remove
select Matrix 678_236
Remove
procedure readanalyze fname$
Read from file... C:\Praat\Sounds\'fname$'
name$=selected$("Sound")
totdur=Get duration
call intenser
call onseter
call offseter
call trim
call filterit
call process
select Matrix matfinal
Rename... 'fname$'
Write to short text file... C:\Praat\Sounds\'fname$'.mat
call cleanall
endproc
procedure onseter
select Intensity 'name$'
timer=0.02
i=0
call db
while 'dbval'<'dbcut'
i='i'+1
timer='i'*0.005+0.01
call db
endwhile
onset='timer'-0.0075
endproc
procedure offseter
timer='totdur'-0.02
i=0
call db
while 'dbval'<'dbcut'
i='i'+1
timer='totdur'-('i'*0.005)
call db
endwhile
offset='timer'+0.0075
endproc
procedure intenser
select Sound 'name$'
To Intensity... 100 0
dbmean=Get mean... 0 0
dbsd=Get standard deviation... 0 0
dbmax=Get maximum... 0 0 Parabolic
dbmin=Get minimum... 0 0 Parabolic
dbcut='dbmean'+('dbsd'/5)
finish='totdur'-0.04
endproc
procedure db
dbval=Get value at time... 'timer' Cubic
if dbval=undefined
dbval=0
endif
endproc
procedure trim
select Sound 'name$'
Edit
editor Sound 'name$'
Select... 'onset' 'offset'
Extract selection
endeditor
Rename... trimmed
endproc
procedure filterit
select Sound trimmed
newdur=Get duration
for j from 1 to 5
band='j'*800
startband='band'-600
endband='band'+200
smoother=150
!smoother for female pitch level,
!for male it should be around 150 Hz for female around 200 Hz
filterhz$="filter"+"'band'"
select Sound trimmed
Filter (pass Hann band)... 'startband' 'endband' 'smoother'
Rename... filterold
Edit
editor Sound filterold
Select... 0 'newdur'
Extract selection
endeditor
Rename... 'filterhz$'
select Sound filterold
Remove
endfor
endproc
procedure process
!set k for any number of filterbank
Create simple Matrix... matfinal 5 100 0
for k from 1 to 5
band='k'*800
filterhz$="filter"+"'band'"
select Sound 'filterhz$'
To Intensity... 100 0
dbmean=Get mean... 0 0
dbsd=Get standard deviation... 0 0
dbmax=Get maximum... 0 0 Parabolic
dbmin=Get minimum... 0 0 Parabolic
dbcut='dbmean'-('dbsd'/5)
select Intensity 'filterhz$'
timestep='newdur'/100
oldtimepoint=0
for m from 1 to 100
select Intensity 'filterhz$'
timepoint=m*'timestep'+'oldtimepoint'
oldval=Get value at time... 'timepoint' Cubic
if oldval=undefined
oldval='dbcut'
endif
if oldval<'dbcut'
oldval='dbcut'
endif
select Matrix matfinal
Set value... 'k' 'm' 'oldval'
endfor
endfor
endproc
procedure cleanall
select Sound 'name$'
Remove
select Intensity 'name$'
Remove
select Sound trimmed
Remove
for n from 1 to 5
band='n'*800
filterhz$="filter"+"'band'"
select Sound 'filterhz$'
Remove
select Intensity 'filterhz$'
Remove
endfor
! select Matrix matfinal
! Remove
endproc
procedure rdiff mat1$ mat2$
nocol=500
select Matrix 'mat1$'
sumx=0
xn=0
for p from 1 to 5
for q from 1 to 100
xn=Get value in cell... 'p' 'q'
sumx='sumx'+'xn'
endfor
endfor
sumxx=0
xn=0
for p from 1 to 5
for q from 1 to 100
xn=Get value in cell... 'p' 'q'
sumxx='sumxx'+'xn'*'xn'
endfor
endfor
select Matrix 'mat2$'
sumy=0
yn=0
for p from 1 to 5
for q from 1 to 100
yn=Get value in cell... 'p' 'q'
sumy='sumy'+'yn'
endfor
endfor
sumyy=0
yn=0
for p from 1 to 5
for q from 1 to 100
yn=Get value in cell... 'p' 'q'
sumyy='sumyy'+'yn'*'yn'
endfor
endfor
sumxy=0
diffxy=0
xn=0
yn=0
for p from 1 to 5
for q from 1 to 100
select Matrix 'mat1$'
xn=Get value in cell... 'p' 'q'
select Matrix 'mat2$'
yn=Get value in cell... 'p' 'q'
sumxy='sumxy'+'xn'*'yn'
diffxy='diffxy'+abs('xn'-'yn')
endfor
endfor
rxy=(('nocol'*'sumxy'-('sumx'*'sumy')))/(((('nocol'*'sumxx')-('sumx')^2))^0.5*(('nocol'*'sumyy'-('sumy')^2))^0.5)
print 'mat1$'x'mat2$''tab$'R'tab$''rxy:4''tab$'DifSum 'diffxy:0''newline$'
fileappend C:\Praat\Sounds\comp.res 'mat1$'x'mat2$''tab$''rxy:4''tab$''diffxy:0''newline$'
endproc
À§ÀÇ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ ÇÊÀÚ°¡ ³ìÀ½ÇÑ À½¼º¿¡ ½ÇÇàÇÏ¸é °¢°¢ÀÇ ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ mat ÆÄÀÏÀÌ »ý±â°í »ó°ü°è¼ö¿Í Àý´ëÂ÷ÀÌÇÕÀÇ °á°ú´Â Á¤º¸Ã¢¿¡ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³ª°í À̸¦ Çϵåµð½ºÅ©¿¡ comp.res¶õ ÆÄÀÏ·Î ÀúÀåÇØÁØ´Ù.
678_100x678_148 R 0.8485 DifSum 1560
678_100x678_183 R 0.8798 DifSum 1381
678_100x678_187 R 0.9499 DifSum 1000
678_100x678_236 R 0.8570 DifSum 1528
678_148x678_183 R 0.9689 DifSum 711
678_148x678_187 R 0.8765 DifSum 1363
678_148x678_236 R 0.9454 DifSum 936
678_183x678_187 R 0.8785 DifSum 1354
678_183x678_236 R 0.9329 DifSum 1005
678_187x678_236 R 0.8799 DifSum 1354
ÀϺΠÀ½¼ºÀº ¸Å¿ì ³ôÀº »ó°ü°è¼ö¸¦ º¸ÀÌÁö¸¸ ÀϺδ ³·´Ù. ÀÌ·¸°Ô ºÐ¼®ÇÑ ÆÄÀÏÀ» ¸ðµ¨·Î ¸¸µé¾î ÈÀڵ鳢¸® »óÈ£ ºñ±³ÇÏ·Á¸é ¸ÕÀú 2°³ÀÇ Çà·ÄÀ» ºÒ·¯¿Í °¢ ½Ã°£Á¡¿¡¼ÀÇ Æò±Õ°ªÀ» ±¸ÇÏ¿© ¸ðµ¨·Î ÀúÀåÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®´Â 678_100.mat¿Í 678_148.mat¸¦ ºÒ·¯¿Í Æò±Õ°ªÀ» ave100_148.matmo¿¡ ÀúÀåÇÑ´Ù.
<twomatmodel.sk>
Read from file... C:\Praat\Sounds\678_100.mat
mat1$=" 678_100"
Read from file... C:\Praat\Sounds\678_148.mat
mat2$=" 678_148"
matname$="ave100_148"
Create simple Matrix... mattemp 5 100 0
call matmodel
call drawsave
procedure matmodel
for p from 1 to 5
for q from 1 to 100
select Matrix 'mat1$'
xn1=Get value in cell... 'p' 'q'
select Matrix 'mat2$'
xn2=Get value in cell... 'p' 'q'
xnave=('xn1'+'xn2')/2
select Matrix mattemp
Set value... 'p' 'q' 'xnave'
endfor
endfor
endproc
procedure drawsave
select Matrix 'mat1$'
Black
Draw rows... 0 0 0 0 0 0
Remove
select Matrix 'mat2$'
Blue
Draw rows... 0 0 0 0 0 0
Remove
select Matrix mattemp
Red
Draw rows... 0 0 0 0 0 0
Write to short text file... C:\Praat\Sounds\'matname$'.matmo
Remove
endproc
±×¸²Ã¢¿¡´Â, ó¸®ÇÑ °ªµéÀÌ ¿Ã¹Ù¸¥Áö¸¦ È®ÀÎÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÆÄ¶û¼±À¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³ µÎ °³ÀÇ °µµ°ª Æò±Õ¿¡ ÇØ´çÇÏ´Â »¡°¼±À¸·Î ±×¸² 4.4¿Í °°ÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³´Ù.
±×¸² 4.4 ¿©°úµÈ À½¼ºÀÇ °µµ°ª °î¼± Æò±Õ ±¸Çϱâ
ÀÌ¾î¼ °¢ ¸ðµ¨À» ºÒ·¯¿Í ÈÀÚ³¢¸® »óÈ£ ºñ±³Çϰųª ÈÀÚ³»¿¡¼ ºñ±³ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ´ÙÀ½ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®·Î °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù. ¿©±â¼´Â 100_148.matmo¿Í ´ÙÀ½ ¹ß¼ºÇÑ ¼ýÀÚÀ½¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °µµ °î¼± ¼¼ °³ÀÇ Çà·ÄÆÄÀÏ (678_183.mat, 678_187.mat, 678_236.mat)À» ºÒ·¯¿Í »ó°ü°è¼ö¿Í Àý´ëÂ÷ÀÌÇÕÀ» Á¤º¸Ã¢¿¡ º¸¿©ÁÖ´Â ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù. ¾Õ¼ Á¦½ÃÇÑ ÆÄÀÏÀ̸§ ÀÚµ¿»ý¼º ±â´ÉÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¸é º¸´Ù ´õ ¸¹Àº ÆÄÀÏÀ» ºñ±³ÇÏ°í °á°ú¸¸ Çϵåµð½ºÅ©¿¡ ÀúÀåÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸³ª µ¶ÀÚµéÀÇ ÀÌÇØ¸¦ µ½±â À§ÇØ °£´ÜÇÑ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¸ º¸À̱â·Î ÇÑ´Ù.
<dbmodelcordif.sk>
Read from file... C:\Praat\Sounds\100_148.matmo
Rename... 11
Read from file... C:\Praat\Sounds\678_183.mat
Rename... 12
Read from file... C:\Praat\Sounds\678_187.mat
Rename... 13
Read from file... C:\Praat\Sounds\678_236.mat
Rename... 14
clearinfo
call rdiff 11 12
call rdiff 11 13
call rdiff 11 14
procedure rdiff mat1$ mat2$
nocol=1000
select Matrix 'mat1$'
sumx=0
xn=0
for p from 1 to 5
for q from 1 to 100
xn=Get value in cell... 'p' 'q'
sumx='sumx'+'xn'
endfor
endfor
sumxx=0
xn=0
for p from 1 to 5
for q from 1 to 100
xn=Get value in cell... 'p' 'q'
sumxx='sumxx'+'xn'*'xn'
endfor
endfor
select Matrix 'mat2$'
sumy=0
yn=0
for p from 1 to 5
for q from 1 to 100
yn=Get value in cell... 'p' 'q'
sumy='sumy'+'yn'
endfor
endfor
sumyy=0
yn=0
for p from 1 to 5
for q from 1 to 100
yn=Get value in cell... 'p' 'q'
sumyy='sumyy'+'yn'*'yn'
endfor
endfor
sumxy=0
diffxy=0
xn=0
yn=0
for p from 1 to 5
for q from 1 to 100
select Matrix 'mat1$'
xn=Get value in cell... 'p' 'q'
select Matrix 'mat2$'
yn=Get value in cell... 'p' 'q'
sumxy='sumxy'+'xn'*'yn'
diffxy='diffxy'+abs('xn'-'yn')
endfor
endfor
rxy=(('nocol'*'sumxy'-('sumx'*'sumy')))/(((('nocol'*'sumxx')-('sumx')^2))^0.5*(('nocol'*'sumyy'-('sumy')^2))^0.5)
print 'mat1$'x'mat2$''tab$'R'tab$''rxy:4''tab$'DifSum 'diffxy:0''newline$'
endproc
ÀÌ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ ÇÊÀÚ°¡ ¹ß¼ºÇÑ ¼ýÀÚÀ½¿¡ ´ëÇØ ½ÇÇàÇϸé Á¤º¸Ã¢¿¡´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³´Ù.
11x12 R 0.9975 DifSum 807
11x13 R 0.9966 DifSum 971
11x14 R 0.9959 DifSum 1061
4.6 ¾Ç¼ºÁ¾¾çȯÀÚ¿Í Á¤»óÀÎÀÌ ¹ß¼ºÇÑ ¸ðÀ½ÀÇ Á¼Àº´ë¿ª ½ºÆåÆ®·³°ªÀÇ »ó°ü°è¼ö¿Í Àý´ëÂ÷ÀÌÇÕ ºñ±³
ÀÌ ³í¹®¿¡¼ »ç¿ëÇÑ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®´Â ¸ÕÀú À½¼ºÆÄÀÏÀ» °´Ã¼Ã¢¿¡ ºÒ·¯¿À°í À̸¦ ¾Æ·¡ÀÇ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ ¿¾î ó¸®ÇÑ °á°ú¸¦ º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù. ÀüüÀûÀΠ󸮰úÁ¤Àº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù. ¸ÕÀú À©µµ¿ìÁî ¿þÀ̺êÆÄÀÏ·Î µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â °¢ ÇÇÇèÀÚÀÇ ¸ñ¼Ò¸®¸¦ °´Ã¼Ã¢¿¡ ºÒ·¯¿Í ÆíÁýâÀ¸·Î ¿¬ µÚ "Extract selection" ±â´ÉÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇØ ¸ðÀ½º°·Î µû·Î À̸§À» ºÙ¿© °´Ã¼Ã¢¿¡ ¿Ã¸°´Ù. ¸ðÀ½ÀÇ ½ÃÀÛ°ú ³¡ºÎºÐ ±×¸®°í ¹¬À½±¸°£ µî¿¡¼´Â ½ºÆåÆ®·³ Á¤º¸°¡ ºÒ±ÔÄ¢ÀûÀ¸·Î º¯Çϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ÀÌ ºÎºÐÀ» Á¦°ÅÇÏ°í ¾ÈÁ¤µÈ ¸ðÀ½±¸°£¸¸À» ÃßÃâÇϱâ À§ÇØ, °¢ ¸ðÀ½º°·Î °µµ°ªÀ» ±¸ÇÑ µÚ °µµ°ªÀÇ Æò±Õ°ú Ç¥ÁØÆíÂ÷¸¦ ±¸ÇÏ¿© Æò±Õ°ª¿¡ Ç¥ÁØÆíÂ÷°ªÀÇ 1/4À» ´õÇÑ °ªÀ» ¹®ÅΰªÀ¸·Î Á¤ÇÑ´Ù. À̾î¼, °µµ°ªÀÇ ÆÄÀÏÀÇ Ã³À½ºÎÅÍ °µµ°ªÀÌ ¹®ÅΰªÀ» ³Ñ´Â ÁöÁ¡¿¡¼ 50 ms Áö³ ½ÃÀÛÁ¡(onset)À» ±¸Çϰí, °µµ°ªÀÌ »ó½ÂÇÏ´Ù°¡ ÇϰÇÏ¸é¼ ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ ¹®ÅΰªÀ» Áö³ª´Â ½Ã°£Á¡¿¡¼ 50 ms ÀÌÀüÀÇ ÁöÁ¡À» ³¡Á¡(offset)À¸·Î ÁöÁ¤ÇÏ¿© ½ÃÀÛÁ¡°ú ³¡Á¡»çÀÌÀÇ À½¼ºÀ» Àß¶ó³»¾î °´Ã¼Ã¢¿¡ ¿Ã¸°´Ù. ÀÌ À½¼ºÀ» 29 msÀÇ Ã¢À¸·Î ó¸®µÈ Á¼Àº´ë¿ª ½ºÆåÆ®·Î±×·¥À» ±¸Çß´Ù. ±×¸®°í °´Ã¼Ã¢¿¡ ¿Ã·ÁÁø À½¼ºÀÇ Ã³À½ 50 ms¸¦ Á¦¿ÜÇÑ ÁöÁ¡ºÎÅÍ 10 ms¸¶´Ù °¢°¢ÀÇ ÁöÁ¡¿¡ ÇØ´çÇÏ´Â Á¼Àº´ë¿ª ½ºÆåÆ®·³°ªÀ» 16°³ ±¸Çϰí À̸¦ µ¥½Ãº§°ªÀÇ Çà·Ä·Î º¯È¯ÇÑ µÚ ¼ø¼´ë·Î °´Ã¼Ã¢¿¡ ¿Ã·È´Ù. µû¶ó¼, ºÐ¼®ÇÒ ±¸°£Àº Àû¾îµµ 2.1ÃÊ ÀÌ»óÀÇ ±ä ¸ðÀ½ÀÌ µÇ¾î¾ßÇÑ´Ù. ¸¸¾à ±×º¸´Ù ªÀ¸¸é µÞºÎºÐÀÇ ºÐ¼®°ªÀº »ó°ü°è¼ö°¡ 1À̰í Àý´ëÂ÷ÀÌÇÕÀÌ 0ÀÌ µÇ¹Ç·Î ÁÖÀÇÇØ¾ßÇÑ´Ù. ¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î ȯÀÚ¿Í Á¤»óÀÎÀÌ ¹ß¼ºÇÑ ±ä ¸ðÀ½ÀÇ ÀÎÁ¢ÇÑ Çà·Ä°ªÀÇ »ó°ü°è¼ö¿Í Àý´ëÂ÷ÀÌÇÕÀ» ±¸ÇÏ¿© ºñ±³ÇÑ´Ù.
<canceranalysis#.sk>
clearinfo
name$=selected$("Sound")
totdur=Get duration
print 'name$''newline$'
call trim
call process
call rdiff
call cleanall
procedure trim
select Sound 'name$'
To Intensity... 100 0
dbmean=Get mean... 0 0
dbsd=Get standard deviation... 0 0
dbmax=Get maximum... 0 0 Parabolic
dbmin=Get minimum... 0 0 Parabolic
dbcut='dbmean'+('dbsd'/4)
select Intensity 'name$'
timer=0
i=0
call db
while 'dbval'<'dbcut'
i='i'+1
timer='i'*0.005
call db
endwhile
onset='timer'+0.05
timer=0
j=0
call db
while 'dbval'<'dbcut'
j='j'+1
timer='totdur'-('j'*0.005)
call db
endwhile
offset='timer'-0.05
select Sound 'name$'
Edit
editor Sound 'name$'
Select... 'onset' 'offset'
Extract selection
endeditor
Rename... trimmed
endproc
procedure db
dbval=Get value at time... 'timer' Cubic
if dbval=undefined
dbval=0
endif
endproc
procedure process
select Sound trimmed
syldur=Get duration
To Spectrogram... 0.029 4000 0.005 10 Gaussian
if 'syldur'>0.1
for k from 1 to 16
timer='k'*0.01+0.05
select Spectrogram trimmed
To Spectrum (slice)... 'timer'
To Ltas (1-to-1)
To Matrix
Rename... 'k'
select Spectrum trimmed
Remove
select Ltas trimmed
Remove
endfor
endif
endproc
procedure cleanall
select Intensity 'name$'
Remove
select Sound trimmed
Remove
select Spectrogram trimmed
Remove
for n from 1 to 16
select Matrix 'n'
Remove
endfor
endproc
procedure rdiff
for m from 1 to 15
n='m'+1
mat1$="'m'"
mat2$="'n'"
nocol=400
select Matrix 'mat1$'
timer=1
sumx=0
while 'timer'<'nocol'+1
xn=Get value in cell... 1 'timer'
sumx='sumx'+'xn'
timer='timer'+1
endwhile
select Matrix 'mat2$'
timer=1
sumy=0
while 'timer'<'nocol'+1
yn=Get value in cell... 1 'timer'
sumy='sumy'+'yn'
timer='timer'+1
endwhile
select Matrix 'mat1$'
timer=1
sumxx=0
while 'timer'<'nocol'+1
xn=Get value in cell... 1 'timer'
sumxx='sumxx'+'xn'*'xn'
timer='timer'+1
endwhile
select Matrix 'mat2$'
timer=1
sumyy=0
while 'timer'<'nocol'+1
yn=Get value in cell... 1 'timer'
sumyy='sumyy'+'yn'*'yn'
timer='timer'+1
endwhile
timer=1
sumxy=0
diffxy=0
while 'timer'<'nocol'+1
select Matrix 'mat1$'
xn=Get value in cell... 1 'timer'
select Matrix 'mat2$'
yn=Get value in cell... 1 'timer'
sumxy='sumxy'+'xn'*'yn'
diffxy='diffxy'+abs('xn'-'yn')
timer='timer'+1
endwhile
rxy=(('nocol'*'sumxy'-('sumx'*'sumy')))/(((('nocol'*'sumxx')-('sumx')^2))^0.5*(('nocol'*'sumyy'-('sumy')^2))^0.5)
print 'rxy:3''tab$''diffxy:0''newline$'
endfor
endproc
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<synthsense#.sk>
call setting
call drawall
call analyze
call closer
procedure setting
name$=selected$("Sound")
soundName$="'name$'"+".con"
dur=Get duration
finish='dur'-0.04
sr=Get sample rate
zcr=round('sr'/100)
duround=round('dur'*1000)
Erase all
Viewport... 0.5 8 1 8
call createcon
i=1
timer=0
avon=0
avoff=0
f0=0
db=0
dbcut=0
fricvalue=0
endproc
procedure drawall
select Sound 'name$'
To Spectrogram... 0.005 4000 0.002 20 Gaussian
Rename... spectro
Paint... 0 0 0 0 100 yes 40 6 0 yes
select Sound 'name$'
To Formant (sl)... 0.005 5 5500 0.025 40
Speckle... 0 0 4000 40 no
Rename... sl
select Sound 'name$'
To Formant (burg)... 0.005 5 5500 0.025 40
Rename... burg
select Sound 'name$'
To Pitch (ac)... 0.005 75 3 yes 0.03 0.45 0.01 0.35 0.14 500
Rename... pitch
Draw... 0 0 0 500 no
gf0mean=Get mean... 0 0 Hertz
gf0stdev=Get standard deviation... 0 0 Hertz
gf0high='gf0mean'+3*'gf0stdev'
select Sound 'name$'
To Intensity... 100 0.005
mini=Get minimum... 0 0 Parabolic
mindb='mini'*0.795
!3db higher than the minimum 0.75*1.06=0.795
Rename... amp
Draw... 0 0 0 0 no
endproc
procedure analyze
while 'timer'<'finish' and 'avoff'<'finish'
timer='i'*0.005+0.04
timepoint=round('timer'*1000)
call pitcher
call intenser
if 'f0'>0
call vowel
else
call consonant
endif
call writedisk
i='i'+1
endwhile
endproc
procedure window
avrange=0.0075
avon='timer'-'avrange'
avoff='timer'+'avrange'
endproc
procedure pitcher
select Pitch pitch
call avsdf0
f0=Get value at time... timer Hertz Linear
call f00
if 'f0'>'f0high'
!or 'f0'<'f0low'
f0='avf0'
endif
if 'f0'>'gf0high'
f0='gf0mean'+randomInteger(2,0)
endif
call f00
f0=round('f0'*10)
endproc
procedure f00
if f0=undefined
f0=0
endif
endproc
procedure avsdf0
call window
avf0=Get mean... avon avoff Hertz
sdf0=Get standard deviation... avon avoff Hertz
if avf0=undefined
avf0=0
endif
if sdf0=undefined
sdf0=0
endif
f0high='avf0'+'sdf0'
! f0low='avf0'-'sdf0'
endproc
procedure intenser
select Intensity amp
call avsddb
db=Get value at time... timer Cubic
if 'db'>'dbhigh'
db='avdb'
endif
db=round('db'*0.75)
if 'db'>67
db=67
endif
ab='db'
endproc
procedure avsddb
call window
avdb=Get mean... avon avoff
sddb=Get standard deviation... avon avoff
dbhigh='avdb'+3*'sddb'
endproc
procedurevowel
select Formant burg
call formanter
call zerofrication
endproc
procedure zerofrication
a2f=0
a3f=0
a4f=0
a5f=0
a6f=0
ah=0
ab=0
af=0
endproc
procedure consonant
select Formant burg
call formanter
call zerocrossing
if 'db'<'mindb'
db=0
call zerofrication
endif
endproc
procedure zerocrossing
select Sound 'name$'
j=0
af=0
fricvalue=Get value at time... 0.5 Sinc70
while 'j'<'zcr' and 'timer'<'finish'
if 'fricvalue'>0
while 'fricvalue'>0 and 'j'<'zcr' and 'timer'<'finish'
j='j'+1
fricpoint=0.0001*'j' +'timer'-0.01
fricvalue=Get value at time... 0.5 Sinc70
endwhile
else
while 'fricvalue'<=0 and 'j'<'zcr' and 'timer'<'finish'
j='j'+1
fricpoint=0.0001*'j' +'timer'-0.01
fricvalue=Get value at time... 0.5 Sinc70
endwhile
endif
af='af'+1
endwhile
if 'af'<0 or 'af'=undefined
af=0
endif
ah=round('af')
if 'ah'>52
ah=52
endif
af=round(('db'+'ah')/2)+8
if 'af'>52
af=52
endif
endproc
procedure formanter
call window
call avsdfm
call formantrim
call bandwidther
endproc
procedure bandwidther
bw1sum=0
bw2sum=0
bw3sum=0
bw4sum=0
bw5sum=0
for q from 1 to 7
timerbw='timer'+q*0.005-0.015
bw1= Get bandwidth at time... 1 timerbw Hertz Linear
bw2= Get bandwidth at time... 2 timerbw Hertz Linear
bw3= Get bandwidth at time... 3 timerbw Hertz Linear
bw4= Get bandwidth at time... 4 timerbw Hertz Linear
bw5= Get bandwidth at time... 5 timerbw Hertz Linear
if bw1=undefined
bw1=0
endif
if bw2=undefined
bw2=0
endif
if bw3=undefined
bw3=0
endif
if bw4=undefined
bw4=0
endif
if bw5=undefined
bw5=0
endif
call matrix
endfor
for r from 1 to 7
bw1sum='bw1sum'+bw1'r'
bw2sum='bw2sum'+bw2'r'
bw3sum='bw3sum'+bw3'r'
bw4sum='bw4sum'+bw4'r'
bw5sum='bw5sum'+bw5'r'
endfor
b1='bw1sum'/7
b2='bw2sum'/7
b3='bw3sum'/7
b4='bw4sum'/7
b5='bw5sum'/7
a2f=round(52-('b2'/40))
a3f=round(52-('b3'/40))
a4f=round(52-('b4'/40))
a5f=round(52-('b5'/40))
a6f=0
if 'a2f'<0 ora2f=undefined
a2f=0
endif
if 'a3f'<0 ora3f=undefined
a3f=0
endif
if 'a4f'<0 ora4f=undefined
a4f=0
endif
if 'a5f'<0 ora5f=undefined
a5f=0
endif
b1=round('b1')
b2=round('b2')
b3=round('b3')
b4=round('b4')
b5=330
b6=400
endproc
procedure matrix
bw1'q'='bw1'
bw2'q'='bw2'
bw3'q'='bw3'
bw4'q'='bw4'
bw5'q'='bw5'
endproc
procedure avsdfm
avfm1=Get mean... 1 avon avoff Hertz
sdfm1=Get standard deviation... 1 avon avoff Hertz
avfm2=Get mean... 2 avon avoff Hertz
sdfm2=Get standard deviation... 2 avon avoff Hertz
avfm3=Get mean... 3 avon avoff Hertz
sdfm3=Get standard deviation... 3 avon avoff Hertz
avfm4=Get mean... 4 avon avoff Hertz
sdfm4=Get standard deviation... 4 avon avoff Hertz
if avfm1=undefined
avfm1=500
endif
if avfm2=undefined
avfm2=1500
endif
if avfm3=undefined
avfm3=2500
endif
if avfm4=undefined
avfm4=3300
endif
if sdfm1=undefined
sdfm1=500
endif
if sdfm2=undefined
sdfm2=1500
endif
if sdfm3=undefined
sdfm3=2500
endif
if sdfm4=undefined
sdfm4=3300
endif
fm1high='avfm1'+'sdfm1'
fm1low='avfm1'-'sdfm1'
fm2high='avfm2'+'sdfm2'
fm2low='avfm2'-'sdfm2'
fm3high='avfm3'+'sdfm3'
fm3low='avfm3'-'sdfm3'
fm4high='avfm4'+'sdfm4'
fm4low='avfm4'-'sdfm4'
endproc
procedure formantrim
fm1=Get value at time... 1 timer Hertz Linear
fm2=Get value at time... 2 timer Hertz Linear
fm3=Get value at time... 3 timer Hertz Linear
fm4=Get value at time... 4 timer Hertz Linear
if fm1=undefined
fm1=500
endif
if fm2=undefined
fm2=1500
endif
if fm3=undefined
fm3=2500
endif
if fm4=undefined
fm4=3300
endif
if 'fm1'>'fm1high' or 'fm1'<'fm1low'
fm1='avfm1'
endif
if 'fm2'>'fm2high' or 'fm2'<'fm2low'
fm2='avfm2'
endif
if 'fm3'>'fm3high' or 'fm3'<'fm3low'
fm3='avfm3'
endif
if 'fm4'>'fm4high' or 'fm4'<'fm4low'
fm4='avfm4'
endif
if ('fm4'+400)>3900
fm4=3900
endif
if 'fm3'+350>'fm4'
fm3='fm3'-350
endif
if ('fm2'+330)>'fm3'
fm2='fm2'-330
endif
if ('fm1'+300)>'fm2'
fm1='fm1'-300
endif
if 'fm1'<250
fm1=250
endif
if 'fm2'<800
fm2=800
endif
if 'fm3'<1500
fm3=1500
endif
if 'fm4'<2500
fm4=2500
endif
if 'fm1'>800
fm1=800
endif
if 'fm2'>2500
fm2=2500
endif
if 'fm3'>3300
fm3=3300
endif
if 'fm4'>3600
fm4=3600
endif
fm1=round('fm1')
fm2=round('fm2')
fm3=round('fm3')
fm4=round('fm4')
fm5=4400
fm6=4990
endproc
procedure closer
select Pitch pitch
Remove
select Spectrogram spectro
Remove
select Intensity amp
Remove
select Formant sl
Remove
select Formant burg
Remove
Viewport... 9 9.001 9.001 9.002
finalline='timepoint'+5
fileappend C:\Praat\'soundName$' 'finalline''tab$'0'tab$'0'tab$'0'tab$'0'tab$''fm1''tab$''b1''tab$''fm2''tab$''b2''tab$''fm3''tab$''b3''tab$''fm4''tab$''b4''tab$'0'tab$'0'tab$'0'tab$'0'tab$'0'tab$'0'newline$'
endproc
procedure writedisk
fileappend C:\Praat\'soundName$' 'timepoint''tab$''f0''tab$''db''tab$''ah''tab$''af''tab$''fm1''tab$''b1''tab$''fm2''tab$''b2''tab$''fm3''tab$''b3''tab$''fm4''tab$''b4''tab$''a2f''tab$''a3f''tab$''a4f''tab$''a5f''tab$''a6f''tab$''ab''newline$'
endproc
procedure createcon
fileappend C:\Praat\'soundName$' Synthesis specification for file: 'soundName$''newline$'
fileappend C:\Praat\'soundName$' 'newline$'
fileappend C:\Praat\'soundName$' KLSYN88 Version 1.0 D.H. Klatt 1-Jan-01'newline$'
fileappend C:\Praat\'soundName$' 'newline$'
fileappend C:\Praat\'soundName$' 'newline$'
fileappend C:\Praat\'soundName$' Total number of waveform samples = 10000'newline$'
fileappend C:\Praat\'soundName$' 'newline$'
fileappend C:\Praat\'soundName$' 'newline$'
fileappend C:\Praat\'soundName$' CURRENT CONFIGURATION:'newline$'
fileappend C:\Praat\'soundName$' 60 parameters'newline$'
fileappend C:\Praat\'soundName$' 'newline$'
fileappend C:\Praat\'soundName$' SYM V/C MIN VAL MAX DESCRIPTION'newline$'
fileappend C:\Praat\'soundName$' ---------------------------------------------------------------------------'newline$'
fileappend C:\Praat\'soundName$' DU C 30 'duround' 5000 Duration of the utterance, in msec'newline$'
fileappend C:\Praat\'soundName$' UI C 1 5 20 Update interval for parameter reset, in msec'newline$'
fileappend C:\Praat\'soundName$' SR C 5000 20000 20000 Output sampling rate, in samples/sec'newline$'
fileappend C:\Praat\'soundName$' NF C 1 6 6 Number of formants in cascade branch'newline$'
fileappend C:\Praat\'soundName$' SS C 1 2 3 Source switch (1=impulse, 2=natural, 3=LF model)'newline$'
fileappend C:\Praat\'soundName$' RS C 1 8 8191 Random seed (initial value of random # generator)'newline$'
fileappend C:\Praat\'soundName$' SB C 0 1 1 Same noise burst, reset RS if AF=AH=0, 0=no,1=yes'newline$'
fileappend C:\Praat\'soundName$' CP C 0 0 1 0=Cascade, 1=Parallel tract excitation by AV'newline$'
fileappend C:\Praat\'soundName$' OS C 0 0 20 Output selector (0=normal,1=voicing source,...)'newline$'
fileappend C:\Praat\'soundName$' GV C 0 60 80 Overall gain scale factor for AV, in dB'newline$'
fileappend C:\Praat\'soundName$' GH C 0 60 80 Overall gain scale factor for AH, in dB'newline$'
fileappend C:\Praat\'soundName$' GF C 0 60 80 Overall gain scale factor for AF, in dB'newline$'
fileappend C:\Praat\'soundName$' F0 V 0 0 5000 Fundamental frequency, in tenths of a Hz'newline$'
fileappend C:\Praat\'soundName$' AV V 0 45 80 Amplitude of voicing, in dB'newline$'
fileappend C:\Praat\'soundName$' OQ v 10 50 99 Open quotient (voicing open-time/period), in %'newline$'
fileappend C:\Praat\'soundName$' SQ v 100 200 500 Speed quotient (rise/fall time, LF model), in %'newline$'
fileappend C:\Praat\'soundName$' TL v 0 0 41 Extra tilt of voicing spectrum, dB down @ 3 kHz'newline$'
fileappend C:\Praat\'soundName$' FL v 0 0 100 Flutter (random fluct in f0), in % of maximum'newline$'
fileappend C:\Praat\'soundName$' DI v 0 0 100 Diplophonia (alt periods closer), in % of max'newline$'
fileappend C:\Praat\'soundName$' AH V 0 0 80 Amplitude of aspiration, in dB'newline$'
fileappend C:\Praat\'soundName$' AF V 0 0 80 Amplitude of frication, in dB'newline$'
fileappend C:\Praat\'soundName$' F1 V 180 500 1300 Frequency of 1st formant, in Hz'newline$'
fileappend C:\Praat\'soundName$' B1 V 30 80 1000 Bandwidth of 1st formant, in Hz'newline$'
fileappend C:\Praat\'soundName$' DF1 v 0 0 100 Change in F1 during open portion of period, in Hz'newline$'
fileappend C:\Praat\'soundName$' DB1 v 0 0 400 Change in B1 during open portion of period, in Hz'newline$'
fileappend C:\Praat\'soundName$' F2 V 550 1500 3000 Frequency of 2nd formant, in Hz'newline$'
fileappend C:\Praat\'soundName$' B2 V 40 120 1000 Bandwidth of 2nd formant, in Hz'newline$'
fileappend C:\Praat\'soundName$' F3 V 1200 2500 4800 Frequency of 3rd formant, in Hz'newline$'
fileappend C:\Praat\'soundName$' B3 V 60 140 1000 Bandwidth of 3rd formant, in Hz'newline$'
fileappend C:\Praat\'soundName$' F4 V 2400 3500 4990 Frequency of 4th formant, in Hz'newline$'
fileappend C:\Praat\'soundName$' B4 V 100 160 1000 Bandwidth of 4th formant, in Hz'newline$'
fileappend C:\Praat\'soundName$' F5 v 3000 4300 4990 Frequency of 5th formant, in Hz'newline$'
fileappend C:\Praat\'soundName$' B5 v 100 180 1500 Bandwidth of 5th formant, in Hz'newline$'
fileappend C:\Praat\'soundName$' F6 v 3000 4800 4990 Frequency of 6th formant (applies if NF=6), in Hz'newline$'
fileappend C:\Praat\'soundName$' B6 v 100 200 4000 Bandwidth of 6th formant (applies if NF=6), in Hz'newline$'
fileappend C:\Praat\'soundName$' FNP v 180 280 500 Frequency of nasal pole, in Hz'newline$'
fileappend C:\Praat\'soundName$' BNP v 40 90 1000 Bandwidth of nasal pole, in Hz'newline$'
fileappend C:\Praat\'soundName$' FNZ v 180 280 800 Frequency of nasal zero, in Hz'newline$'
fileappend C:\Praat\'soundName$' BNZ v 40 90 1000 Bandwidth of nasal zero, in Hz'newline$'
fileappend C:\Praat\'soundName$' FTP v 300 2150 3000 Frequency of tracheal pole, in Hz'newline$'
fileappend C:\Praat\'soundName$' BTP v 40 180 1000 Bandwidth of tracheal pole, in Hz'newline$'
fileappend C:\Praat\'soundName$' FTZ v 300 2150 3000 Frequency of tracheal zero, in Hz'newline$'
fileappend C:\Praat\'soundName$' BTZ v 40 180 2000 Bandwidth of tracheal zero, in Hz'newline$'
fileappend C:\Praat\'soundName$' A2F V 0 0 80 Amp of fric-excited parallel 2nd formant, in dB'newline$'
fileappend C:\Praat\'soundName$' A3F V 0 0 80 Amp of fric-excited parallel 3rd formant, in dB'newline$'
fileappend C:\Praat\'soundName$' A4F V 0 0 80 Amp of fric-excited parallel 4th formant, in dB'newline$'
fileappend C:\Praat\'soundName$' A5F V 0 0 80 Amp of fric-excited parallel 5th formant, in dB'newline$'
fileappend C:\Praat\'soundName$' A6F V 0 0 80 Amp of fric-excited parallel 6th formant, in dB'newline$'
fileappend C:\Praat\'soundName$' AB V 0 0 80 Amp of fric-excited parallel bypass path, in dB'newline$'
fileappend C:\Praat\'soundName$' B2F v 40 250 1000 Bw of fric-excited parallel 2nd formant, in Hz'newline$'
fileappend C:\Praat\'soundName$' B3F v 60 300 1000 Bw of fric-excited parallel 3rd formant, in Hz'newline$'
fileappend C:\Praat\'soundName$' B4F v 100 320 1000 Bw of fric-excited parallel 4th formant, in Hz'newline$'
fileappend C:\Praat\'soundName$' B5F v 100 360 1500 Bw of fric-excited parallel 5th formant, in Hz'newline$'
fileappend C:\Praat\'soundName$' B6F v 100 1500 4000 Bw of fric-excited parallel 6th formant, in Hz'newline$'
fileappend C:\Praat\'soundName$' ANV v 0 0 80 Amp of voice-excited parallel nasal form., in dB'newline$'
fileappend C:\Praat\'soundName$' A1V v 0 60 80 Amp of voice-excited parallel 1st formant, in dB'newline$'
fileappend C:\Praat\'soundName$' A2V v 0 60 80 Amp of voice-excited parallel 2nd formant, in dB'newline$'
fileappend C:\Praat\'soundName$' A3V v 0 60 80 Amp of voice-excited parallel 3rd formant, in dB'newline$'
fileappend C:\Praat\'soundName$' A4V v 0 60 80 Amp of voice-excited parallel 4th formant, in dB'newline$'
fileappend C:\Praat\'soundName$' ATV v 0 0 80 Amp of voice-excited par tracheal formant, in dB'newline$'
fileappend C:\Praat\'soundName$' 'newline$'
fileappend C:\Praat\'soundName$' 'newline$'
fileappend C:\Praat\'soundName$' varied Parameters:'newline$'
fileappend C:\Praat\'soundName$' time F0 AV AH AF F1 B1 F2 B2 F3 B3 F4 B4 A2F A3F A4F A5F A6F AB 'newline$'
endproc
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Synthesis specification for file: 6.con
KLSYN88 Version 1.0 D.H. Klatt 1-Jan-01
Total number of waveform samples = 10000
CURRENT CONFIGURATION:
60 parameters
SYM V/C MIN VAL MAX DESCRIPTION
------------------------------------------------------------------
DU C 30 505 5000 Duration of the utterance, in msec
UI C 1 5 20 Update interval for parameter reset, in msec
SR C 5000 20000 20000 Output sampling rate, in samples/sec
NF C 1 6 6 Number of formants in cascade branch
SS C 1 2 3 Source switch (1=impulse, 2=natural, 3=LF model)
RS C 1 8 8191 Random seed (initial value of random # generator)
SB C 0 1 1 Same noise burst, reset RS if AF=AH=0, 0=no,1=yes
CP C 0 0 1 0=Cascade, 1=Parallel tract excitation by AV
OS C 0 0 20 Output selector (0=normal,1=voicing source,...)
GV C 0 60 80 Overall gain scale factor for AV, in dB
GH C 0 60 80 Overall gain scale factor for AH, in dB
GF C 0 60 80 Overall gain scale factor for AF, in dB
F0 V 0 0 5000 Fundamental frequency, in tenths of a Hz
AV V 0 45 80 Amplitude of voicing, in dB
OQ v 10 50 99 Open quotient (voicing open-time/period), in %
SQ v 100 200 500 Speed quotient (rise/fall time, LF model), in %
TL v 0 0 41 Extra tilt of voicing spectrum, dB down @ 3 kHz
FL v 0 0 100 Flutter (random fluct in f0), in % of maximum
DI v 0 0 100 Diplophonia (alt periods closer), in % of max
AH V 0 0 80 Amplitude of aspiration, in dB
AF V 0 0 80 Amplitude of frication, in dB
F1 V 180 500 1300 Frequency of 1st formant, in Hz
B1 V 30 80 1000 Bandwidth of 1st formant, in Hz
DF1 v 0 0 100 Change in F1 during open portion of period, in Hz
DB1 v 0 0 400 Change in B1 during open portion of period, in Hz
F2 V 550 1500 3000 Frequency of 2nd formant, in Hz
B2 V 40 120 1000 Bandwidth of 2nd formant, in Hz
F3 V 1200 2500 4800 Frequency of 3rd formant, in Hz
B3 V 60 140 1000 Bandwidth of 3rd formant, in Hz
F4 V 2400 3500 4990 Frequency of 4th formant, in Hz
B4 V 100 160 1000 Bandwidth of 4th formant, in Hz
F5 v 3000 4300 4990 Frequency of 5th formant, in Hz
B5 v 100 180 1500 Bandwidth of 5th formant, in Hz
F6 v 3000 4800 4990 Frequency of 6th formant (applies if NF=6), in Hz
B6 v 100 200 4000 Bandwidth of 6th formant (applies if NF=6), in Hz
FNP v 180 280 500 Frequency of nasal pole, in Hz
BNP v 40 90 1000 Bandwidth of nasal pole, in Hz
FNZ v 180 280 800 Frequency of nasal zero, in Hz
BNZ v 40 90 1000 Bandwidth of nasal zero, in Hz
FTP v 300 2150 3000 Frequency of tracheal pole, in Hz
BTP v 40 180 1000 Bandwidth of tracheal pole, in Hz
FTZ v 300 2150 3000 Frequency of tracheal zero, in Hz
BTZ v 40 180 2000 Bandwidth of tracheal zero, in Hz
A2F V 0 0 80 Amp of fric-excited parallel 2nd formant, in dB
A3F V 0 0 80 Amp of fric-excited parallel 3rd formant, in dB
A4F V 0 0 80 Amp of fric-excited parallel 4th formant, in dB
A5F V 0 0 80 Amp of fric-excited parallel 5th formant, in dB
A6F V 0 0 80 Amp of fric-excited parallel 6th formant, in dB
AB V 0 0 80 Amp of fric-excited parallel bypass path, in dB
B2F v 40 250 1000 Bw of fric-excited parallel 2nd formant, in Hz
B3F v 60 300 1000 Bw of fric-excited parallel 3rd formant, in Hz
B4F v 100 320 1000 Bw of fric-excited parallel 4th formant, in Hz
B5F v 100 360 1500 Bw of fric-excited parallel 5th formant, in Hz
B6F v 100 1500 4000 Bw of fric-excited parallel 6th formant, in Hz
ANV v 0 0 80 Amp of voice-excited parallel nasal form., in dB
A1V v 0 60 80 Amp of voice-excited parallel 1st formant, in dB
A2V v 0 60 80 Amp of voice-excited parallel 2nd formant, in dB
A3V v 0 60 80 Amp of voice-excited parallel 3rd formant, in dB
A4V v 0 60 80 Amp of voice-excited parallel 4th formant, in dB
ATV v 0 0 80 Amp of voice-excited par tracheal formant, in dB
varied Parameters:
time F0 AV AH AF F1 B1 F2 B2 F3 B3 F4 B4 A2F A3F A4F A5F A6F AB
45 0 27 1 22 250 436 2500 212 3300 829 3600 549 47 31 38 42 0 27
50 0 32 1 25 264 395 2466 194 3197 776 3600 661 47 33 35 42 0 32
55 0 37 1 27 269 153 2322 188 3118 652 3600 803 47 36 32 41 0 37
60 1519 40 0 0 275 67 2282 183 3096 517 3600 944 0 0 0 0 0 0
65 1519 42 0 0 285 53 2261 173 3102 532 3600 982 0 0 0 0 0 0
70 1515 44 0 0 299 47 2236 155 3181 565 3600 1064 0 0 0 0 0 0
75 1497 45 0 0 299 44 2220 144 3300 587 3600 983 0 0 0 0 0 0
80 1433 46 0 0 294 42 2209 139 3300 594 3600 983 0 0 0 0 0 0
85 1377 47 0 0 282 41 2188 137 3002 595 3480 1005 0 0 0 0 0 0
90 1331 47 0 0 274 40 2193 136 3300 586 3600 987 0 0 0 0 0 0
95 1303 48 0 0 270 39 2193 142 3209 577 3600 962 0 0 0 0 0 0
100 1302 48 0 0 270 38 2196 136 3100 505 3600 1039 0 0 0 0 0 0
105 1302 48 0 0 270 38 2212 134 3092 483 3600 1064 0 0 0 0 0 0
110 1300 48 0 0 269 38 2229 142 3095 478 3600 1065 0 0 0 0 0 0
115 1295 49 0 0 268 38 2257 156 3134 486 3600 1060 0 0 0 0 0 0
120 1289 49 0 0 267 39 2312 170 3220 500 3600 1045 0 0 0 0 0 0
125 1285 49 0 0 266 40 2315 182 3232 523 3600 1039 0 0 0 0 0 0
130 1283 49 0 0 266 40 2307 184 3227 544 3600 1036 0 0 0 0 0 0
135 1282 49 0 0 266 40 2316 186 3204 546 3600 1028 0 0 0 0 0 0
140 1284 49 0 0 267 40 2332 188 3196 540 3600 1030 0 0 0 0 0 0
145 1287 49 0 0 269 39 2333 184 3192 520 3600 1038 0 0 0 0 0 0
150 1293 50 0 0 269 39 2326 181 3194 495 3600 1048 0 0 0 0 0 0
155 1302 50 0 0 271 39 2304 177 3175 467 3600 1056 0 0 0 0 0 0
160 1315 50 0 0 274 38 2287 167 3083 434 3600 1074 0 0 0 0 0 0
165 1329 51 0 0 276 38 2267 162 3007 403 3600 1111 0 0 0 0 0 0
170 1341 51 0 0 279 38 2261 163 2945 364 3600 1153 0 0 0 0 0 0
175 1361 51 0 0 283 38 2277 165 2890 325 3600 1181 0 0 0 0 0 0
180 1376 52 0 0 285 37 2298 161 2866 298 3600 1202 0 0 0 0 0 0
185 1388 53 0 0 288 36 2303 151 2812 278 3600 1219 0 0 0 0 0 0
190 1402 53 0 0 292 35 2300 151 2742 255 3600 1240 0 0 0 0 0 0
195 1410 54 0 0 294 34 2267 155 2696 230 3600 1253 0 0 0 0 0 0
200 1415 55 0 0 294 33 2229 153 2649 207 3600 1250 0 0 0 0 0 0
205 1424 55 0 0 296 31 2199 147 2568 191 3600 1251 0 0 0 0 0 0
210 1436 55 0 0 300 30 2147 141 2491 185 3600 1271 0 0 0 0 0 0
215 1447 56 0 0 301 30 2090 145 2466 184 3600 1296 0 0 0 0 0 0
220 1453 56 0 0 303 31 2045 149 2439 183 3600 1321 0 0 0 0 0 0
225 1457 57 0 0 305 32 1975 143 2438 191 3600 1355 0 0 0 0 0 0
230 1462 57 0 0 306 34 1927 135 2435 203 3600 1385 0 0 0 0 0 0
235 1468 57 0 0 308 36 1832 127 2431 213 3600 1419 0 0 0 0 0 0
240 1472 57 0 0 311 38 1687 118 2435 222 3600 1457 0 0 0 0 0 0
245 1473 57 0 0 314 42 1571 110 2474 227 3600 1499 0 0 0 0 0 0
250 1473 57 0 0 316 46 1500 101 2519 231 3600 1518 0 0 0 0 0 0
255 1475 57 0 0 321 50 1452 92 2550 235 3600 1534 0 0 0 0 0 0
260 1476 56 0 0 331 54 1414 83 2586 242 3600 1561 0 0 0 0 0 0
265 1472 56 0 0 340 58 1377 78 2611 250 3600 1580 0 0 0 0 0 0
270 1466 56 0 0 347 61 1321 77 2611 257 3600 1576 0 0 0 0 0 0
275 1462 56 0 0 357 63 1284 78 2614 265 3600 1565 0 0 0 0 0 0
280 1460 55 0 0 367 63 1239 75 2624 269 3600 1538 0 0 0 0 0 0
285 1458 55 0 0 372 61 1197 71 2632 274 3600 1542 0 0 0 0 0 0
290 1454 55 0 0 377 59 1161 72 2641 278 3600 1550 0 0 0 0 0 0
295 1445 56 0 0 387 56 1143 73 2662 273 3600 1515 0 0 0 0 0 0
300 1437 56 0 0 392 53 1105 70 2680 264 3600 1491 0 0 0 0 0 0
305 1433 56 0 0 393 50 1080 66 2689 258 3600 1491 0 0 0 0 0 0
310 1429 56 0 0 395 47 1034 63 2686 257 3600 1489 0 0 0 0 0 0
315 1423 56 0 0 397 45 989 61 2679 257 3600 1482 0 0 0 0 0 0
320 1417 57 0 0 397 43 977 58 2680 260 3600 1459 0 0 0 0 0 0
325 1410 57 0 0 397 41 973 54 2689 269 3600 1437 0 0 0 0 0 0
330 1399 57 0 0 396 38 965 51 2710 277 3600 1424 0 0 0 0 0 0
335 1385 57 0 0 394 37 952 50 2744 284 3600 1412 0 0 0 0 0 0
340 1370 57 0 0 394 36 946 52 2756 293 3600 1408 0 0 0 0 0 0
345 1353 56 0 0 391 36 942 55 2772 293 3600 1444 0 0 0 0 0 0
350 1336 56 0 0 385 37 938 58 2795 290 3600 1275 0 0 0 0 0 0
355 1318 56 0 0 383 40 932 62 2805 294 3600 1119 0 0 0 0 0 0
360 1298 56 0 0 378 44 918 65 2814 291 3600 960 0 0 0 0 0 0
365 1276 55 0 0 366 48 900 71 2827 284 3600 803 0 0 0 0 0 0
370 1253 54 0 0 357 68 891 108 2835 296 3600 650 0 0 0 0 0 0
375 1231 54 0 0 348 88 880 398 2841 346 3600 509 0 0 0 0 0 0
380 1213 53 0 0 340 98 855 682 2846 391 3600 333 0 0 0 0 0 0
385 1206 51 0 0 342 105 822 825 2826 450 3600 335 0 0 0 0 0 0
390 1209 49 0 0 359 137 822 892 2721 490 3600 331 0 0 0 0 0 0
395 1211 46 0 0 250 228 800 960 2740 482 3600 474 0 0 0 0 0 0
400 1209 42 0 0 381 321 1495 1052 2828 727 3600 463 0 0 0 0 0 0
405 0 37 1 27 361 411 2175 1049 2892 835 3600 462 26 31 40 30 0 37
410 0 30 1 24 351 498 2131 788 3019 783 3600 528 32 32 39 36 0 30
415 0 23 1 20 800 663 2500 554 3300 1107 3600 497 38 24 40 43 0 23
420 0 15 1 16 800 741 2500 460 3300 1348 3600 497 40 18 40 49 0 15
425 0 9 1 13 800 819 2500 473 3300 1835 3600 504 40 6 39 45 0 9
430 0 6 1 12 800 857 2500 433 3300 1863 3600 493 41 5 40 45 0 6
435 0 4 1 11 800 913 2410 361 3300 1620 3600 686 43 12 35 45 0 4
440 0 3 1 10 800 999 2373 485 3226 1493 3600 671 40 15 35 40 0 3
445 0 4 1 11 800 1106 2500 789 3300 1503 3600 565 32 14 38 40 0 4
450 0 4 1 11 800 1087 2500 814 3300 1308 3600 555 32 19 38 40 0 4
455 0 3 1 10 800 1088 2500 902 3300 1019 3600 545 29 27 38 40 0 3
460 0 1 1 9 361 1107 2441 951 2929 613 3600 498 28 37 40 47 0 1
465 0 0 0 0 361 1107 2441 951 2929 613 3600 498 0 0 0 0 0 0
Âü°í¹®Çå
¾çº´°ï. (2000). "Praat¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¾ï¾ç ºÐ¼® ¹æ¹ý". µ¿ÀdzíÁý 32, pp. 29-39.
¾çº´°ï. (2000). "Praat¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¼ýÀÚÀ½ À½ÇâÀû ºÐ¼®¹ý", À½¼º°úÇÐ Á¦ 7±Ç 6È£, pp. 127-137.
¾çº´°ï. (2001). "³²¼ºÀÇ ¼ýÀÚÀ½ ¹ß¼º¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³ ÈÀÚº¯ÀÌ". À½¼º°úÇÐ Á¦ 8±Ç 3È£, pp. 93-104.
¾çº´°ï. (2002). "Á¼Àº´ë¿ª ½ºÆåÆ®·³ÀÇ Â÷À̰ª°ú »ó°ü°è¼ö¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ÈÀÚÈ®ÀÎ ¿¬±¸" À½¼º°úÇÐ
Á¦ 9±Ç 3È£, pp. 3-16.
¾çº´°ï. (2003). "´ë¿ªº°·Î ¿©°úÇÑ À½¼º °µµÀÇ Â÷À̰ª°ú »ó°ü°è¼ö¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ÈÀÚÈ®ÀÎ ¿¬±¸",
À½¼º°úÇÐ Á¦ 10±Ç 2È£, pp. 249-258.
¾çº´°ï. (2003) "¾Ç¼ºÁ¾¾çȯÀÚ¿Í Á¤»óÀÎÀÌ ¹ß¼ºÇÑ ¸ðÀ½ÀÇ Á¼Àº´ë¿ª ½ºÆåÆ®·³°ªÀÇ »ó°ü°è¼ö¿Í
Àý´ëÂ÷ÀÌÇÕ ºñ±³. À½¼º°úÇÐ 10±Ç 4È£. pp. 189-200.
Boersma, P. (1993). "Accurate short-term analysis of the fundamental
frequency and the harmonics-to-noise ratio of a sampled sound",
Proceedings of the Institute of Phonetic Sciences of the University
of Amsterdam 17: 97-110.
ÀúÀÚ ¼Ò°³
¾ç º´°ï (Çö µ¿ÀÇ´ëÇб³ ¿µ¾î¿µ¹®Çаú ±³¼ö)
ºÎ»ê´ëÇб³ ¿µ¾î¿µ¹®Çаú ¹®Çлç, ¹®Çм®»ç
¹Ì±¹ ÅØ»ç½º¿À½ºÆ¾ ÁÖ¸³´ëÇÐ À½¼ºÇйڻç
¹Ú»çÇÐÀ§ ³í¹®: Development of Vowel Normalization Procedures:
English and Korean
Àú¼¡¤¿ª¼
Development of vowel normalization procedures: English and
Korean. 1991. ¼¿ï: ÇѽŹ®È»ç <ÀüÀÚÆÄÀÏ>
Çѱ¹¾î ÀÌÁ߸ðÀ½ÀÇ À½ÇâÇÐÀû ¿¬±¸, 1993. ºÎ»ê: Áø¿µ¹®È»ç
<ÀüÀÚÆÄÀÏ>
À½¼ºÇÐ ÀÔ¹®, 1993. ºÎ»ê: Áø¿µ¹®È»ç
À½¼º¾ð¾îÀÇ ÀÌÇØ(°ø¿ª), 1995. ¼¿ï: ÇѽŹ®È»ç
½ÇÇèÀ½¼ºÇÐ ³í¹®Áý I, 1998. ºÎ»ê: Áø¿µ¹®È»ç
Signalyze¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ À½¼º ºÐ¼®¹ý, 1998. ºÎ»ê: Áø¿µ¹®È»ç<ÀüÀÚÆÄÀÏ>
À½¼ºÇаú À½¿î·Ð, °ø¿ªÀÚ: ±¸Èñ»ê, °íµµÈï, ±è±âÈ£, ¾È»óö, 1998.
¼¿ï: ÇѽŹ®È»ç
À½¼º°úÇÐ, °ø¿ªÀÚ: ±è±âÈ£, °íµµÈï, ±¸Èñ»ê. 2000. ¼¿ï: Çѱ¹¹®È»ç
À½¼º°úÇпë¾î¹ø¿ª»çÀü. ±¸Èñ»ê ¿Ü °øÆí. 2001. ¼¿ï:Çѱ¹¹®È»ç.
À½¼º ¹× ¾ð¾î ºÐ¼®±â±â Ȱ¿ë¹ý. °íµµÈï ¿Ü °øÆí. 2001. ¼¿ï:
Çѱ¹¹®È»ç.
ÇÁ¶óÆ®¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ À½¼º ºÐ¼®ÀÇ À̷аú ½ÇÁ¦, 2003. ºÎ»ê: Áø¿µÃâÆÇ»ç.
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Http://www.deu.ac.kr/~bgyang/kpapers.htm
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Http://www.deu.ac.kr/~bgyang/praat/praatscript.pdf
Praat Script¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ À½¼ººÐ¼®°ú º¯Çü
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